'Case Studies: Chapter 1-4\r'

'Chapter 1: What’s the Buzz on Smart Grids? 1. How do s nonty-nosed top executive grids differ from the sure electrical dexterity root in the United States? iodine of the main differences amongst injure grids and present electrical zippo infrastructure in the U. S. is that ache grids provide electricity by utilizing digital engineering science in assign to pull round energy, to reduce costs, and to increase relipower as oppose to present electricity grids provides electricity which is obsoleted and unable (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).A nonher difference is that true electricity grids do non deliver whatsoever learning ab issue how population hire energy which vexs tear down to a greater extent surd to defecate approaches to distri neverthelessions in the efficient manner (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Since current electricity grids do non provide effectual information, distributors and consumers whitethorn non be able to bring out proper termina tions ab come to the fore how they use energy expeditiously (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Conversely, voguish grids provide information to both energy provides and consumers so that they earth-closet make decisions for better cogency (U.S. Department of Energy, 2012). Addition solelyy, bright grids deliver information from the abode to the military group provider and seat supervise the electricity usage to lower the cost to the consumers and save energy by victimization them much efficiently (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). 2. What management, scheme, and engineering emersions should be considered when developing a smart grid? The management issues that penury to be considered during the development of smart grid would be to convince the consumer to replenishment wholly each localise to the smart grid remains (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).The need for smart grid must be relayed to the consumer and shown how the utilization of the smart grid will benefit both the for ce play provider and the consumer by creation able to habituate power more efficiently (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Consumers will the like to drive their privacy protected, and the management of the power provider must assure their consumers non to bump intruded by the power partnership but focus on the benefits of the smart grid g everywherenance of rules much(prenominal) as lowering their electricity bills though the information feedback arranging that give the axe relay how the energy s macrocosm employ and the ability to analyze it (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). The boldnessal issue that the smart grid trunk will pick up to oercome would be the high cost of the smart grid system to be model into place. The prison term that needs to be inst tot entirelyy(a)ed in sever every last(predicate)y syndicate whitethorn range from $250 to $500 per unit (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). practiced ab a style consumers be not willing to initially come ab discover the m acey to conduct the round installed especially when they manage that to save energy they need to turn glum lights and separate appliances or electronics when they argon not be used (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).Additionally, once the smart grid system has been successfully been set up, the power provider whitethorn risk losing revenue as more consumers be able to use their energy more efficiently (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). The technology issue would be the fact that in the initial installation of the system, it will be clock and m superstary consuming on both the consumer and the power provider (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). A nailly sassy system must be put into place and replace the few duration(a) system. With the advancement of technology, this whitethorn become vulnerable to forms of cybercrimes as with any former(a) advanced forms of technology whitethorn be attacked (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).Also, the complicated technology may not be user friendly to ever yone especially to the elders or mortal who is not as technologically aw be. 3. What challenge to the development of smart grids do you cypher is most likely to hamper their development? The challenges that smart grids face that may hinder their development would be the fact that first of all the startup of the system is very big-ticket(prenominal) and fourth mark consuming (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). The complete infrastructure must be motleyd in graze for smart grids to be fully replaced (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).It is too expensive for the home or short letter owners to install the meter necessary to monitor the electricity use and wealthy person to figure out who will fabricate for the initial installation of the meter, when the power provider will put one across to cover the cost of the system running which may be as high as $75billion (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). As mentioned in previous question, the consumers must also be assured that they do not pee-pee t o bother about macrocosmness a victim of a cybercrime and their privacy will be protected.Additionally with the advancement of technology, they must make sure it is user friendly to everyone as some consumers argon already do margin call that they had a clayey sequence figuring out how to read and analyze the meters (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). The hardest part of the power providers commencement up with the grid system is to solve all of the issues mentioned above and convince the entire nation to switch over to the smart grid system. 4. What other beas of our infrastructure could benefit from â€Å"smart” technologies?Smart technology push aside monitor, assess and analyze any form of info and optimize the custom of resources to be able to utilize them in effect. Smart car can effectively monitor the consumption of gasoline and use it to minimize the consumption and extend it in order to get the upper limit miles per gallon ratio to save money and gasoline (M cGlaun, 2012). Some cars mechanically turf outs their engine glowering period the vehicle is not in motion and automatically turns itself back on when it needs to move (McGlaun, 2012). crossbreed vehicles use gasoline and combine it with electricity to but increase the miles to the gallon ratio.Other smart technologies that are used in cars would be the two behavior chat technology that will tell cars where other cars are at and what path they are taking. In that way the computers inside the cars can know exactly where apiece other are at and avoid concussion (McGlaun, 2012). Smart technologies are cosmos utilized in automobiles and other areas not only limited to houses but also electricity in order to go along and preserve the nonre youthfulable resources (McGlaun, 2012). 5. Would you like your home and your fraternity to be part of a smart grid? wherefore or wherefore not? Explain. I personally would not like to be a part of the smart grid system. I think that the grid system is a great root for individual who needs to be reminded and guided on how to effectively utilize electricity. In addition, I also believe that it is measurable for the environment to conserve power; that like legion(predicate) other consumers I know how to conserve electricity. For pillow movement, I turn glum electronics and unnecessary appliances when they are not in use, I lower the air conditioner at night time and when I leave the house and make ure all the lights and TV are turned mangle when they are not being used to name a few. I feel that I am responsible and have the ability to regulate my electricity consumption. That being said, I do wish to pay up to $500 up front for something that I already know and can manage. That is why I do not wish my neighborhood to switch over to the smart grid system. Chapter 2: Collaboration and basis at Procter & run a risk 1. What is Procter & Gamble’s crinkle outline? What is the relationship of c ollaboration and existence to that business strategy?The Procter & Gamble’s business strategy is to slip away the consumers by maintaining the brand and popularity they have with brisk consumers (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Procter & Gamble also focuses on improving their already existing line of returns in order to keep the popularity that they already have (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Lastly, Procter & Gamble creates completely reinvigoratedborn products from start to the final product and sent out new items to the market to improve their sales (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).Procter & Gamble innovates and adds to the market by dividing its focus to developing and creating new brands and items for the market. The order needs the collaboration amidst all of their stake holders being the investigateers, marketers and the managers to all work together in order to improve work aptitude which has made them one of the top companies in the military personnel (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). 2. How is P&G using collaboration systems to endure its business model and business strategy? count and describe the collaboration systems and technologies it is using and the benefits of each(prenominal). The collaboration of over 8,000 scientists and researchers that are employed by Procter & Gamble worldwide, marketers and managers works together increases innovation and as a solution further their success in the industry (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). As large as the confederacy is, they keep utilizing all of their employees to research, experiment, produce, market and organize their own brand and create new products (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).With a large amount of employees end-to-end the world, good converse was crucial to working as one and becoming successful. Proctor and Gamble collaborated with lake herring Telepresence to improve their communication abilities and made certain that all employees have access to the system to deal the organization into one well-oiled machine (Cisco, 2008). While P&G were conducting business, they realized that one communication system was not sufficient enough to be able to meet their large demands and needs (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).They also incorporated Connectbeam, which is some other communication system which allowed employees to share more effectively more information by the utilization of networks surrounded by one coworker to another in the form of tagging and bookmarks (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). 3. Why were some collaborative technologies slow to catch on at P&G? Some collaborative technologies were slow to catch on at P&G be capture it took time for all employees to try out something new as some(prenominal) sight are more comfortable with what they are used to and are not eager to make changes (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).Employees may feel intimidated or does not want to change their normal routine even though they may be told that the new system such as the new communication systems are better and more efficient than the ones that already exist such as new telecommunicate systems (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Another example would be a specific incident where researchers were using old outdated version of Microsoft software to print out the research and paste them onto notebook physically with reputation and glue (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).To counter this effect, Microsoft overhauled the communication system and assay to make it easier for the employees to utilize new technology and bring everything together (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). 4. Compare P&G’s old and new processes for writing up and distributing the results of a research experiment. In the past, researchers wrote up experiments that were performed or to be performed using Microsoft Office (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). The researchers so printed out what they have typed, and physically glued them onto a notebook one pa ge at a time to place them into a book format (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).The old email system were too controlled by the employees in call of the receivers of that specific email, being that if the employee who was sending the email did not send it to the appropriate receiver, then the email was ineffectual as a kernel of communication (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). On the other hand, other forms of communications such as blogs reached out to too large of an audience that being anyone who were interested and cannot be relied on sending bare-assed messages (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).Microsoft products streamlined the communication problems and issues that P&G had to make communication more effective (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). 5. Why is telepresence such a effectual collaborative tool for a caller-out like P&G? Telepresence is a profitable collaborative tool for friendship such as P&G because in an organization as large as P&G, they need to be able to keep all of their employees which lives in 80 unalike countries connected through communication (Cisco, 2008).Not only does Telepresence allow international communications not only by the forms of telephone, email or the internet, Telepresence has the ability to supply P&G with 300 videoconferencing rooms where employees such as researchers can see each other during conference which may allow the researchers optic communication or actually show each other’s research and experiment over the video than just verbally explaining tedious and mistake procedures (Cisco, 2008). The videoconferencing room will also allow for a company meeting or private meetings between any employees of P&G without having to travel, which can save time and travel fees.Telepresence can help the P&G Company by effective communication methods (Cisco, 2008). 6. Can you think of other ways P&G could use collaboration to foster innovation? Procter and Gamble has more than 8,000 rese archers with 1,000 or more of them having Ph. D. experimenting, researching and innovating new products for the company in approximately 30 research facilities (Coleman & Hymowitz, 2012). Procter and Gamble is well known and respected company that is known to innovate new products and as a result they have a collaboration of many various(prenominal)s and organization working for the company and assisting those (Coleman & Hymowitz, 2012).Procter and Gamble can reach out and incorporate more researchers from other parts of the world to collaborate and innovate new products using new ideas and berth of view from different part of the world (Coleman & Hymowitz, 2012). Chapter 3: HOW MUCH DO CREDIT CARD COMPANIES KNOW ABOUT YOU? 1. What competitory strategy are the acknowledgement cod companies engage? How do information systems support that strategy? The deferred payment flyer companies may be following inexpensive leadership strategy and product differentiation strategy at the same time (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).For instance, the credit companies can categorize the peckerholders establish on the regular charges the bill of fareholder charges on the credit neb (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). From the types of charges that are made on a regular bases. For example the credit humour company may see someone charging many speeding ticket costs onto their credit card as being risky and impulsive just as much as someone who has a record of being behind on their bills (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).Furthermore, someone that will pay run into their credit card bills in a timely social occasion or someone that will go out of their way to put a high quality product on their credit card categorized as being responsible and a better client and may have a higher maximal balance on their card (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). The information system ga in that respectd by the credit card company profiles cardholders and places them into categories which may be prepossess and profiling (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).Additionally using this data and reaching out to the customers and sallying them advices may result in the customers wanting to pay come to their debt to their credit card companies before they pay off other credit cards as an individual who was going through a divorce nonrecreational off their debt to one company who took time to offer the customers assistance c disability that customer was unable to pay off other credit cards (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). 2. What are the business benefits of analyzing customer purchase data and constructing behavioral profiles?The benefits of analyzing customer purchase data and constructing behavioral profiles would be that the business can have an idea based on the data who will be more likely to pay back the debt in a timely event and potentially avoid mischief (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). Customers with a history of not paying off their debt or customers who spend in an imp ulsive matter may have a hard time paying off the charges and have a hard time getting qualified for loans and higher limit. An example would be customers who lost their homes to foreclosures that put their mortgage on their credit card and abandoned paying their debt (Laudon & Laudon, 2012).On the other hand, customers who have a history of paying off their credit card debt in timely matter may be able to get a higher limit and may have a better reputation from their credit card company (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). There are benefits to the credit card company to analyze using the purchase data being that the credit card companies will be gainful back the customers debt, however this does create a parti pris opinion of their customers as some may not be true and potentially good customers.Additionally, by using analysis from data, it may protect the cardholders as it may tremendous the credit card companies any charges that may be unusual and ultimately alert the cardholde rs and potentially avoid or protect the customers from fallacious transactions (Dhanapal, 2012). Once the fallacious transaction is determine, the cardholders can then request to start an investigation and shut down that account (Dhanapal, 2012) (Mavri, Angelis, Ioannou, Gaki, & Koufodontis, 2008).Once the investigation has been initiated, it allows law enforcement to click down the date, time and the location of transactions and even request a video surveillance of the fraudulent transactions and create a starting point for investigators and law enforcement officer to conduct and identify the subjects (Laudon & Laudon, 2012). 3. are these practices by credit card companies good? atomic number 18 they an invasion of privacy? Why or why not? I believe that these practices by the credit card companies on analyzing their customers purchase data have both pros and cons.They are unethical in the call that every situation is different in every case. If the customer is ha ving a hard time in their life, such as being in between jobs, they may not have the monetary means to pay off all of their debt on time, however it does not mean that the customer is intentionally not paying off their debt to steal from the credit card companies (Mavri, Angelis, Ioannou, Gaki, & Koufodontis, 2008). It may be that the individual may have a job lined up and they may pay off the credit card debt as soon as they get more financial stability (Mavri, Angelis, Ioannou, Gaki, & Koufodontis, 2008).As a customer, the idea of credit card would be that the customers can purchase what they need at the time even though they don’t have the liquid asset in that point time and pay them off on a later date and time (Mavri, Angelis, Ioannou, Gaki, & Koufodontis, 2008). By being judged by the analysis based on data, customers may be being judged by unfair bias (Mavri, Angelis, Ioannou, Gaki, & Koufodontis, 2008). On the other hand credit card companies are business and need to be remunerative back the debt that mountain make by reservation a purchase on their credit cards.If the company does not get paid back the debt, then the credit card company will be losing revenue in a highly private-enterprise(a) industry. Chapter 4: The Perils of Texting 1. Which of the five moral dimensions of information systems identified in this schoolbook is involved in this case? Accountability and control is one of the moral dimension of information systems that is involved in this case because people that school text mend parkway should be held accountable and liable if they put someone in danger, injure, or worse (Laudon & Laudon, 2010).Mobile phone subscriptions have increased intimately over the past decade and have been move to rise at a rapid rate. concord to recent study, 5,870 more deaths and 515,000 more accidents were caused from prior eld by texting while thrust (The Perils of Texting, 2012). Based on this information, it is obvious that we should not wait until someone gets injure in order to hold people accountable for texting and operate; there needs to be obligation now.Quality of life is another moral dimension of information systems that is involved in this case because though we are living in an information-and-knowledge based technological society, there are certain values and practices that should be carry on and supported (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). Valuing human life is one of those practices that should be supported. Those who text while brainish put so many people at risk. Society as a whole is aware of the dangers associated with texting while impulsive; therefore, those who do so, are not valuing human life. 2. What are the ethical, social, and political issues raised(a) by this case?several(prenominal) States, 31 to be exact, have already command texting while driving, and there are likely more to come; President Obama has also prohibited texting while driving for Federal gover nment workers (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). The ethical, social, and political issues raised by this case are very important as texting while driving has become one of the most prevalent and wicked practices people all over are vulnerable to. The laws surrounding texting while driving vary among states, some severer than others. The point is that this is a major issue in anywhere throughout the world.It is ethically wrong to text while driving because people are putting others in dangerous way (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). There is, however, still some take between the social and political aspects of this problem; some feel that we should be allowed to text while driving because we should be free to make our own decisions, while others argue it is not the state’s or federal responsibility to outlaw poor decision-making (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). notwithstanding the opposition, there is a need for legislatures to set harsher penalties for drivers who creates an vulnerab le road conditions when they text and drive (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). . Which of the ethical principles expound in the text are useful for decision making about (Dhanapal, 2012)texting while driving? The ethical principles described in the text that are useful for decision making about texting while driving are: •The Golden Rule because people should do unto others as people would like to have them do unto themselves (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). Therefore, people should not put others in harm’s way by texting behind the roam if they don’t want to be put themselves in harm’s way because others could potentially do the same thing. Immanuel Kant’s Categorical arbitrary principle is applicable because it applies to everyone. It is not ok for me to text while driving and not others because my actions could endanger someone else. If everyone texted while driving the probability of that action endangering people increases enormously. •Descart es Rule of Change is useful for decision making about texting while driving because every time you text you are increasing the risk of smirch to yourself or others.This rules states that if the action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take it at all. This also applies because if you text and drive once and get away with it, you may be inclined to keep doing. This is the slippery incline rule (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). •Risk Aversion principle is useful for decision making about texting while driving because it asks you to take a course of action that produces the to the lowest degree amount of harm (Laudon & Laudon, 2010). In this case, you should choose not to text while driving because it could potentially cause a great deal of harm.\r\n'