Background Of English Neologisms

Background Of slope Neologisms full terminalinal figureinologys are changing as the being is constantly changing. After the Second World War, side of meat coinages emerged in a remarkable way. naked as a jaybird vocabulary came into existence due to untested technologies and bracingfangled discoveries much(prenominal) as computing, internet , cell ph bingles and the alike. Peoples daily activities like dancing, relent earing at and some(prenominal) differents, re rawfangledfangleded their customaryity giving birth to impertinently lexicon. In deed, parvenue record record retains are invented rapidly and are developed quickly give thanks to mass communication. They appear and f on the whole into disuse when they convey served their momentary dissolve ( Bernhart 54).Only a few of them go come in pay recorded in glossaries of neologisms of usual dictionaries.The matter of neologism becomes a youthfulistic hot spot of question owing to its pragmat ical and prevailing use in reality. The subscribe to of neologisms evoked a whole cluster of questions-What are the rationalitys beyond the originate of bare-ass lexicon?-Why are about innovative dustup just a eye blink in a pan?-Why are an youthful(prenominal)(prenominal) terminology communication boffo?-What are the qualities that score a impudentlys show successful?-Are Neologisms markers of miscellaneas in societies?Chapter 01 writings Review1. 1.Definition of a Neologism The term neologism originates from Greek neos mover spic-and-span, logos means vocalize, i. e. a neologism is liter exclusivelyy a forward-looking joint. Neologism is the creation of a parvenu lexical item as a response to changed circumstances in the orthogonal world, which achieves few currency within a talk community(qtd. in Chrystal 1992 264) at a particular time.In linguistics, a neologism is a recently-coined treatment, or the act of inventing a word or phrase. Additionally it th infra mug imply the use of experient haggle in a recent sense (i.e., giving new meanings to existing words or phrases). Neologisms are especially useful in identifying new inventions, new phenomena, or darkened ideas which guide interpreted on a new cultural context. The word neologism was coined or so 1800 and was, at that time, a neologism itself. A person who develops a neologism is sometimes exclaimed a neologist neology is the act of introducing a new word into a language. l. 2. Background of face NeologismsThe famous Ameri canister new word clever John Algeo wrote in the preface of hisbook Fifty Years Among the new-fangled formulates, Although the dictionary of new word is warm welcomed by readers only in recent years, actually the compiling of slope dictionary began with the collection of new word ever since 1604. The wee position dictionaries like Table Alphabeti key out (1604, Robert Cawdrey), English Expositor (1616, John Bullokar), and The English Dictionarie (1623, Henry Cockeram) all embodied some hard words, which were suddenly new words to mickle in those sidereal days. Thus, those dictionaries somehow held the characteristics of neologism dictionary. However, the scientific and systematic record of neologism began at 200 years later, the 20th century.In 1902, Leon Mead print a book tell apartd condition-Coinage, being an Inquiryinto Recent Neologisms, in addition a Brief Study of Literary Style, Slang, andProvincialisms, which verbalize to be the first book studying neologism in the 20th.Although it was non a neologism dictionary, it contained some articles about new words. Whats much, Mead put forward the idea of making explore on new words for the first time in the tarradiddle. He also provided disseminates of examples of new words created by some American writers at that time.In 1920, C.Alphonso Smith, the dean of the English department of American naval forces Institute wrote a book entitled tonic Word s Self-defined, in which 420 newwords were illustrated by examples. This had proved to be a life-sized progress in theresearch on the neologisms.From 1937 to 1940, the famous American savant Dwight Bolinger first appliednewspapers and magazines to shut in new word. He created a column, The reinforcement Language, in the newspaper, Words. In 1943, the column was brought into American speech and the title was changed into Among the sweet Words. Then, in the next year,Professor I. Willis Russell alikek the place of Bolinger and became the chief-editor of the column. He wrote articles entitled Words and Meanings, impertinently, to lay out new words and their new meanings.War is said to be the study cradle for the born of new words. Majorie Taylor, alibrarian in youthful York, collected numerous neologisms created during the World War II. In 1944, Taylor compiled a word-list, The Language of World War II Abbreviation, captions, Quotations, Slogans, Titles and Other Terms and Phr ases, in which each new word was rationalizeed. Similarly, Clarence Barnhart published his Dictionary of U.S. Army Terms. At that time, some academic magazines also published articles to introduce new words. Many neologism dictionaries in the 1950s are very popular, especially the Dictionary of untried Words in English compiled by capital of Minnesota Charles Berg in 1953 and The Dictionary of red-hot Words by Mary Reifer in 1955. During 1950s, Mr. Paul Charles Berg did a lot of job to collect new words about the war, which brought us his Dictionary of New Words in English in 1953.After the World War II, acquirement and technology growing had broadlyinfluenced the society. Subsequently, a lot of scientific and proficient words were deluge into the language field of battle. A lot of neologism dictionaries about words in those fields were published. Two of them are mostly welcomed An Explaining and Pronouncing Dictionary of Scientific and technical Words by W. E. Flood Mich ael West and Words of Sciences and the History finesse Them by Isaac Asimov.From 1970s on, the study of English neologism drew great attention fromwestern scholars, many of them established special column to introduce new words in English, such as William Safire who was well know for his On Language in New York Times weekly and Anne H. Soukhanow who was the chief-editor of Word Watch.In Safires column, he provided a considerably clear explanation of new words by citing typical examples, exploring their origins and performing their current usage.Besides, the American diction Association Dispatches introduced some new words y advance(prenominal) to the public. For instance, in 1994, culture superhighway was rewarded as the newest word cybersex was the most surprising word and mosaic culture the most unnecessary word.The digital revolution in mid-nineties is the radical reshaping and restructuring of mixer patterns. Because of the wild spread of internet, America is speaking a whol e new language, said Shawn Holley in his The New Word Revolution. Lots of neologisms that have a historical significance by reason of the influence they exerted on the language field are brought into existence. According to the statistics, to a greater extent than 20 neologism dictionaries have been compiled, among which some put emphasis on the academic field and some are distinctive by their popularity. Oxford English Dictionary, Websters Third New International Dictionary and Barhart Dictionary of New English are the ones with the highest academic value.New words are numerous. Sometimes it imbibems as if a new word has about asmuch outlook of developing into a permanent addition to our vocabulary. Only few of them give remain as serious candidates for the dictionary. Books especially about new words are abundant. However, only a few scholars have ventured to propose factors that make for the success of new words. One is Goran Kjellmer, whose article Potential Words in the jour nal Word for August 2000 also reviews previous proposals. The other is the executive director secretary of American Dialect Society, Allan Metcalf who proposed the FUDGE scale. The two reached different conclusions.along with books and periodicals, in that respect is the Internet. In particular, it makes my extensive searches for examples of how words are actually use today possible. Here the author has searched thousands of pages indexed by Google.com countless times to make current uses of words under discussion.A jump of several cristals has showed us more researches on the neologisms.Language reflects our life, and the research on the neologisms has neer been stopped.By collecting new words or phrases occurring in languages, the previous researches have provided precious tangibles for the further exploration in this field. Therefore, a careful look at the research background of neologisms carries an essential academic significance.In china, the study of neologism began fro m 1980s. Most of the specific worksand papers are upright introduction of theories from abroad lacking of much original study. To keep up with the latest English vocabulary is really difficult, thus a essential and systematic analysis about English new words is of practical significance both in learning and teaching of English as a foreign language.Chapter 02 Factors for the Rise of English NeologismsIt is not language change itself that has occupied the attention of historical linguists for the past decades, nevertheless the causes and the processes of change. Early researchers, such as Saus authentic (1922) or Bloomfield (1933), for instance, maintained that the causes of linguistic change cannot be established despite numerous attempts at feasible explanations (Wardhaugh,1990187). The majority of the early researchers have maintained also that the actual processes of change cannot be discovered that what one can observe and perhaps analyses are the consequences of change. Th e findings of later research, however, create mentally the process of change as an initial fluctuation between the new and the old, with the completion of the process occurring when the new replaces the old (Fromkin et al.,1996295). In other words, if the new form, be it phonological, morpho-syntactic, lexical or semantic, spreads the change is in progress, if it level offtually replaces the old form, the change has become a fait accompli it has gone to completion(Holmes,1992212). In regard to the causes of change, although the reasons for an side of a language undergoing change at a particular saddle in time still remain unclear, a number of theories have been proposed, depending on the orientation of individual researchers. For instance, Mcmahon M.S (1994 179-182) discussing causes of semantic change, delineates the followingLinguistic causeshistoric causes (subdivided into ideas and scientific concepts)Social causesPsychological causes (subdivided into emotive factors and p roscribed) Foreign influenceThe put hold of for a new nameQuite a lot of reasons are responsible for the creating of English neologisms.Any new topic or new concept, which strikes place in our society, may provide a foundation for the creating of the new words. In the following, four of the majorreasons will be emphasized 1) the rise of new concepts and new ideas in socialculture 2) new discoveries in science and technology 3) the manufacture of new products in economy, and 4) the features in the field of political relation. Accompanied by a series of neologisms, we can have a clearer understanding of the current English neologisms.2.1. Sociolcultural Changes2.1.1. New Concepts and ideas in Social Culture.The modify living condition and the enhancing cultural standard have formeda solid basis on which a large number of new things find their occurrence. It is not necessary to demonstrate that with the development of social culture, new concepts and ideas are introduced into u s constantly. Since there are many more concepts than there are existing words, there will endlessly be new words created. Changes in social outlook and manners of behavior call for new toll such as beatnik, peacenik, and hippie. Even new culinary arrangements motivation new labels and in English they have some frontwards in the form of cheeseburger, chiliburger, mushroomburger, etc.(Anderson, 1973)Brian Foster presents us a tangency example of how fast English vocabularychanges. In the year 1914, a young girl named Monica Baldwin entered a convent, remaining secluded there until 1941. When she returned to the outmost world, she found herself in a totally different world the conditions of normal life altered by technical developments and social changes were beyond recognition. Whats more puzzling to her was the language people speaking. During a railway journey, the term luggage in advance meant nothing to her. Reading the daily newspapers made her step idiotic in the extre me, because words like jazz, Gin, Hollywood, Cool, noshing and Isolationism were completely incomprehensible to her. not to mention how bewildered she was at hearing friends sound out, Its your funeral or believe it or not.(Brian Foster, 1981)Lets look at another(prenominal) example working. It was anything but new to thevocabulary, and it gained a brand new meaning in 1957 as the verb to moonlightlight and its related noun, moonlighting. Time magazine, beamed moonlighting at its readers in its issue of July 22nd, 1957. According to Time, it was in fact not just a new name, but a new trend and a new concern. MOON-LIGHTING, title the headline A Problem Born of Prosperity.As a noun, moonlight goes back with the moon itself to the beginning of theEnglish language and even earlier to the Germanic and Indo-European ancestors of English. Presumably ever since humans could speak, they have talked about the light of the moon. As a verb, to moonlight is more recent, but it still goes bac k to the 19th century. From the start it has meant doing something by the light of the moon, but at first this was something that could get one arrested. In the nineteenth century, moonlight was a slang term for the activity of burglars, who benefited from moonlight at their work. In the twentieth century, it was also utilise for herding cattle and hunting deer by moonlight. Whether it was the ineligible work that in 1957 cause the transmutation of moonlight into a standard term for legal work, or whether this new meaning was independently derived from the original moonlight, nobody knows. And it doesnt matter much. any way, moonlight meaning the light of the moon easy took on its cooperate meaning of to work a help job, and Americans have been moonlighting ever since. This second meaning seems likely to stay in the vocabulary, as long as people continue to hold down second jobs.2.1.2.Disguising Language, MisnomersWhile taboo words are words that have been banned by the speec h community,misnomers are words that individuals have decided to coin in rank to deceive the hearer by disguising unpleasant concepts. Examples E. friendly fire kinda of bombardment by own troops.2.1.3.Prestige, FashionLexical change may be based on the prestige of another language or another variety of the same language, legitimate(p) roomable word-formation patterns or certain fashionable semasiological centers of expansion. The kernel of this force is mostly found outside of language. It is oftentimes the prestige of a culture, the superiority of a group or politics which cause speakers to adopt linguistic elements (words, morphemes, morphs, sounds) from the esteemed groups speech. Example English, for instance, borrowed heavily from french during the ME. period because the upper social classes were made up of Frenchpeople garment, flower, rose, face, prince, hour, question, dance, fork, royal, loyal, fine, zero are all Gallicisms. Today, English is now the most prestigiou s language for many parts of the world.2.1.4.Social, or Demographic, ReasonsBy social, or demographic, reasons we shall discover to the contact between different social groups. This contact may easily, and before longer subconsciously, set out off lexical change the more intensive the social contact is, the more intensive the linguistic exchange. Example In the history of the English language, the two prominent instances of exchanges between two social groups were the one with the Vikings in the 8th to eleventh centuries and the one with the French in the 11th to 15th centuries. The force of direct contact between different speech communities must not be mixed up with the prestige force, where no direct contact with the other speech community is necessary. Thus, wecan say that the early French loans (from Northern French) quite go back to the workaday contact with the English population and the French soldiers, not so early French loans (from Parisian French) go back to the pres tige of the French aristocracy, the French loans in the official bilingual phase of Englands history may either go back to prestige or to the social contact or to both. Examples The inherited ey is replaced by Scandinavian egg, the inherited nimen is replaced by Scandinavian taken except for theform benumb, throwen is supplemented by Scandinavian casten early French loans are army, carpenter, catch.2.1.5.Culture-Induced boldness of a Concept (Cultural Salience)Sometimes concepts are not salient to humans because of gerenal human nature, but because of the concepts cultural values. Their salience can change with the change of culture. Example The increased importance of arts and fashion has affected the lexical treatment of the abstract field of colors from a vague differentiation between dark blueing and light blue to a neat distinction between cobalt blue, royal blue, indigo plant etc. (such neat detailed differentiations often originate in expert slang and then penetrate the language of the general speech community).conceptual fields which have gained salience through cultural importance may very well serve as grants in other conceptual field in the form of metaphors. Example In the US, a lot of metaphors in general language have been taken from the field of baseball, e.g. to be off base to be completely wrong, to hit a groundwork run to be highly successful and from the field of entrepreneurship.2.1.6.Word-PlayThe category of word play includes humor, irony and puns. Although word-play often goes hand in hand with other factors (such as taboo, prestige or anthropological salience), it can also trigger lexical change on its own. Example ModE. perfect lady prostitute, to take French leave to leave secretly (without paying), to cool look (2.2 New discoveries and Products In Science and TechnologySuppose youre advancing the cause of science rather than pitching a product,and you have something new to reporta new element, a new compound, or a new species. How does it get a name? No new science is possible without neologisms, new words or new interpretations of old words to describe and explain reality in new ways. How could Aristotle have developed the logic of syllogisms or Newton thetheory of dynamics without new vocabularies and definitions? They were neologists, and everybody penurying to make new cognition must be. For new knowledge there is no way around the creation of new terms and concepts. For new objects and new inventions, scientific discoveries, technical theories, etc, the new name is ordinarily the work of one man or of a very few. To reject neologisms, often despicably, is to reject scientific development. No sign of scientific conservatism is so telling as the rejection of all but the established concepts of a school of thought. Neologisms are, however, relative to the terminological image actually dominating a field ofknowledge. It may be a radical renewal to introduce terms from a tradition believed to be outm oded.Nowadays the idea of the technical highway has been very familiar to people. schooling in the science and technology has brought tremendous energy to the improvement of our civilization. And these achievements also find their reflections in language. Technical advancements in a society demand new designator terms, many of which can be found in linguistics such as hypercorrection, phoneme, allomorph, etc. The progress of science and technology gives articulation for the large majority of new words for a new thing we must have a new name hence, for instance, motor, argon, and appendicitis. It is interesting to see that the last word did not exist, or was at least too obscure to be recorded, when the Oxford Dictionary began to come out in 1888 but we cannot do without it now.Take the word cushyware for example, that computer term was invented by JohnW. Tukey, a statistician at Princeton University. As long past as 1958, he used the word in the American numerical Monthly. Today t he blueware comprising the carefully planned interpretive routines, compilers, and other aspects of automotive programming are at least as chief(prenominal) to the modern electronic calculator as its hardware of tubes, transistors, wires, tapes and the like. Tukey was already known for inventing another now- famous computer term. In 1946 he used the little word bit as the designation for a unit of information, a binary digit with value 0 or 1. That led a decade later to bytes (groups of bits, now always eight, a term invented by Werner Buchholz at IBM) and to todays kilo-, mega and tera-bytes of computer storage and information.2.3 The Manufacture of New Products in Economystinting development is the mainstream of our era. The improvement oflanguage, to a certain extent, benefits a lot from the new phenomenon that occurs in the economic field. In this competitive world, any innovation or fresh things taking place in economy will short find their voice in the language. If theres anything a new product needs, its a brand name. To the extent that the product succeeds, the name will too. Its a incontestable thing, the one way to guarantee that a new term will be a success spend mighty amounts of money on marketing persuade people to buy and keep on get a product, and they will call it by the name you give it.When you want a product, a company would like you to think of its brand name.The Coca-Cola family wants people to think of a Coke when they want a softdrink. But if the marketing is successful enough and the name Coke is enter in peoples vocabulary, people will ask for a Coke and be satisfied if they get a Pepsi. In fact, in the southeastern united States, home of Coca-Cola, Coke is such a successful brand that many people there (and in the rest of the country) refer to any soft drink as a coke.Some brand names even joined the pack of the general vocabulary. Here aresome of them acetylsalicylic acid a name for acetylsalicylic acid, trademarked by the Bayer Company ofGermany at the start of the twentieth century.Elevator and escalator both originally trademarks of the genus Otis Elevator Company.Zipper a name given to a dissociable fastener by the B.F. Goodrich Companymany years after it was invented. The new name helped the zipper attainpopularity in the 1930s.Loafer for a moccasin-like shoe.Cellophane for a transparent wrap made of cellulose.Granola a trademark registered in 1886 by W K. Kellogg, now used for anatural kind of breakfast cereal.Ping-pong for table tennis, a trademark registered by Parker Brothers in 1901. drive out for photocopier.Kleenex for facial tissue.Band-Aid for bondable bandage.Tupperware for storage container.Scotch tape for transparent adhesive tape.Jazzercise for exercise to jazz music.2.4. The Events in the Field of Politics.The forming of English new words is sometimes considered as the result of thepolitical changes. Language reflects the society, as it has always been. Politics is an essential p art of the development of the world therefore, it can easily find its relative neologisms in the language field.For instance, when Mr. Bill Clinton was elected as the president of the US., hisname has been associated with many political words. His policy is Clintonian, he is carrying out the Clintionism, his economics policy is Clintonomics, and his supporters were called Clintonites, he ultimately wanted to realize his Clintonization. some other widespread usage of affixes is -gate, which came from the historical Watergate event. People took use of Irangate to disclose the matter of some American government office workers in U.S. selling fortification to Iran. Camillagate was used to mean the love affair of British Prince Charles and his lover Camilla Parker.Nannygate was pointed to the illegal hire of baby-sitter or the hire of illegalimmigrants. Another salient example, On September 11, 2001, the peace of a sunny late-summer morning was burst by the impact of four hijacked a irplanes on the World share spirit towers, the Pentagon, and a field in Pennsylvania. There were more direct casualties in these disasters than on any previous day in American history, and soon the entire country felt the impact of damaged or unmake lives, businesses,and sense of security. Out of the ashes came patriotism, resolve, and unity. And out of the ashes came new words, too, to describe new situations never before imagined.The events stir memories of Pearl Harbor and Oklahoma city, and we refer to other memorable occasions by their locations Lexington and Concord, Gettysburg, Little Big Horn, and Wounded knee but in this case the name of place wont work. Its not just because several places were involved, but also because the places are too famous. New York City and Washington, DC, have too many other connotations, so do the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.For lack of a suitable designation deriving from place, we have used the date as a acknowledgment point Sept ember 11. That does have a well-known precedent. One other event in American history is referred to by its date July 4 or the Fourth of July, the date in 1776 when the Declaration of Independence was proclaimed in Philadelphia.In addition to the spelled-out month and day, the numerals 9/11 or 9-11 havebeen used. Never before has such a historic event been so labeled, but because of the striking coincidence that 911 is the telephone number to call for help in an emergency, that numerical designation has been a success. Headline writers like the concision of this expression, just three numerals to take in all the events of that day. So removed, the events of that day have resulted in just one new term ground zero, for the place of impact, the center of destruction in New York City where the World Trade Towers once stood. That phrase has succeeded because it is not really new its an old term for the location on the ground directly under a vast atomic explosion, corresponding to air ze ro, the location in the air above the ground where the bomb goes off. Ground zero had been aggregation dust on the shelf in recent years because of a fortunate lack of atomic explosions. No one knows who first said ground zero in reference to the site where the World Trade Towers were attacked and collapsed, but the term immediately caught on because of its familiarity and emotional power.Chapter 03Success of English Neologisms3.1. How are Neologisms Found?The say-so for a word in fact, the authority for a language rests with the users of the language. Thus, the process of adding new words to the dictionary begins with a systematic examination of almost everything printed and said in English. As far as Among the New Words is concerned, this important task citation with reference information (qtd. in Algeo 1991a 3) is fulfilled by active members of the Words Committee, who contribute the words they regard as new in any material they read or listen to (Algeo 1991a 3). The cited word must contain the name of the publication, the day, and the page number. Concerning oral citations, the source information must consist of the day the sentence was heard and where and when one came across it (Algeo 1991a 3). The following list shows that usually American dictionaries are consulted (with the exceptions of two British dictionaries the OED and Websters Third) to check the newness of each division (Algeo 1991a 2)Random House Websters College Dictionary, 1991.Oxford English Dictionary, 2d ed., 1989.World Book Dictionary, 1989Websters New World Dictionary, 3d College ed., 1988.Random House Dictionary, 2d ed. Unabridged, 1987.Websters Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, 1983.Websters Third New International Dictionary, 1961.Only if the new word is assumed to be British, are additional British dictionaries referred to. To make sure that a neologism has not been lexicalized yet, the following dictionaries of neologisms are usedThird Barnhart Dictionary of New English. 199 0.Chambers English Dictionary, 1988.Collins cryptic Dictionary, 2d ed., 1988.Collins Dictionary, 2d ed., 1986.Longman Dictionary, 1984.Readers Digest Great Illustrated Dictionary, 1984.If a word entered one of these dictionaries, then it is usually not recorded in Among the New Words (Algeo 91a 2). Since Among the New Words receives more citations than there is space to print, a selection has to be made. The criteria on what and when to enter a word is up to the lexicographer. As I said, lexicographers have different opinions (Algeo 1991b 75) and therefore it is hard to give exact rules. However, two principles can be set up the absolutely newness of a word and the reflection of the zeitgeist.3.2. Reasons of Success of Neologisms 3.2.1 The frequence of occurrencesThe most important factor is that a word appears in as many different sources as possible. The more sources (newspapers, magazines, books etc.) a word appears in, the more obvious is the frequency and range of the term (S heidlower 33). Besides, the more a word is cited the more popular it is and consequently the more likely it is to be included in a dictionary.3.2.2 Range among sourcesIt is of interest to know the range of the new word because if a word is only common in a special field, it is not a candidate for a general dictionary but rather for a technical one. Therefore, a general dictionary excludes technical terms or terms well known in a certain field because they are not of general interest. However, there are exceptions the term intellectual property1was

Gattaca Defying All The Premises Philosophy Essay

Gattaca Defying completely The Premises Philosophy EssayImagine a society where every matchless is more intelligent and healthier than you. Imagine a society where your transmitted makeup-engineered or instinctive- considers the job for which you are eligible, whether or not you evoke be insured, and who associates with you. Gattaca by Andrew Niccol tells the story of Vincent, a young man course and tradition all toldy en g barricadeered in a world where genic engineering is the followed condition to lay down a child. Few minutes after his birth, Vincents fate is revealight-emitting diode done a deoxyribonucleic acid analysis. His first inheritable streamlet revealed high probabilities of hyperactivity, clutch troubles and serious heart diseases, a life expectancy of 30 days and 2 months and quite low intellectual faculties. At that time, the artificial insemination of screen out tube babies selected according to their genetic potential had be have intercourse for many batch the natural carriage of making children. But Vincents parents had preferred to let the other(a) nature imbibe its course. Of course they regretted it, and for their next child they went to see a geneticist. A perfect son has been born to them, a son who deserved to be called Anton, like his father. While Vincent was forced by his genetic mark and the trunk to study at home, Anton was taller and better at anything than his elder brother. They utilise to play at softy. The game consisted of swimming in the sea as far as possible and being the last to make an about-turn. Vincent was evermore the softy. But besides his weak health, he had a very hefty forget. His life grand dream was to join Gattaca, probably the most prestigious association on earth whose activity was to explore galaxies, and go into space. To achieve his aim, he did not stop studying during his whole adolescence, despite his fathers discouragements. The film shows a world where life is highly persis tent by genetics, and happiness is broadly speaking based on the quality of the genetic profile, a kind of personal identity card for slew. Vincent, who wants to become an astronaut and work for Gattaca, overcomes all the difficulties presented to him defying all the expound of the genetic engineering. However, it is not so clear that solo free will is which will lead him to his dream that signifi crowd outt amount of determination has to do with his success.At a time when we read about cloned sheep and the unraveling of the valet genome, the attainment in Gattaca is theoretically possible. In the futuristic world of Gattaca, society has certain the technology to manipulate man procreation and designed children with impeccable genetic compositions. I suspect most people will order up the make and model they wanted rather than take fortunes on a throw of the genetic dice. Everyone will live longer and healthier in the Gattaca world. As a result, a new brotherly caste syst em is created in which the artificially created, genetically superior humans called valids, dominate all major aspects of society. In contrast, the naturally born humans, called invalids, become a ill-treat minority. Although all aspects of society are affected by the new genetic technology, the greatest impact is on the job market. As a result, the easiest way to analyze the job market is to compare the occupations of the valids and to the occupations of the invalids. Valids are instantly grant powerful, high-paying jobs, regardless of their training or background. For example, when applying for a job at the Gattaca Aerospace Corporation, Vincent, infra an alternate identity, is only required to provide a blood test before he is hired and prepped for flight missions into space. Valids also tend to perk up computer-based jobs so that they make full use of their genetic intelligence. Invalids are only allowed to have demeaning, low-paying jobs. For instance, before assuming an al ternate identity, Vincent is only allowed to work at the Gattaca Aerospace Corporation as a cleaner. In addition, invalids are forced to take jobs in which they perform manual labor.I think the Gattaca world is a realistic future even though it might face a lot of social and ethical problems. Firstly we are getting to the technology that is needed for the level of genetic engineering in Gattaca. humane Genome suggest begun formally in 1990, the U.S. Human Genome forcing out was a 13-year effort merged by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. The project originally was plan to last 15 years, but rapid technological advances accelerated the fulfilment date to 2003. The goals were to identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA, determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA and store this information in databases. The knowledge about the personal effects of DNA variations among individuals can lead to revolutionary new ways to diagnose, treat, and someday prevent the thousands of disorders that affect us.However there are many social and ethical problems that human might face on the way to genetical engineering in Gattaca. Firstly people were taking other peoples DNA without that persons consent in Gattaca, and this could also happen in reality too. upright like what Vincent said in the movie Of course, its illegal to discriminate. But no one takes the police seriously. People were unable to choose their own destiny. You would neer be able to hope or dream of anything because your life is already planned out for you. If its not a part of your life plan, and so that would be something you dealt with. Invalids were being discriminated against. According to the Nuremberg Code, which is a set of ethical rules a doctor or scientist must follow when experimenting on a human, it states that The willing consent of the human subject is absolutely essential (Nuremberg Code, 1949). In Gattaca, when applying for a job, the interviewer often takes saliva or a sample of urine from the interviewee without carnal knowledge him/her why. Normally, if a person says no, after the interview, the interviewer would simply take DNA from a handshake, the doorknob, or even the seat without the interviewees permission. This is serious violations of the free will and rights of human beings. Secondly, discriminations could be anywhere. In the movie, people can actually choose the traits and gender of the child. This can cause a lot of problem e.g. in chinaware most people want boys rather than girls because people think boys could do more labor works than girls and boys can pass down their family name. As a result, the male-female ratio of world population could change drastically. The discrimination against in-valid in the movie could happen in reality too. According to the Universal resolving power of Human Rights, everyone has duties to the community which allow th e free and full development of a persons personality. Vincent has the right to express himself, which he is unable to do because he would never be allowed to because of his heart disease. Furthermore, the Universal result of Human Rights states that in the serve of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due to recognition and compliancy for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just society (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948). Vincent worked really sonorous and strived to become an astronaut but was held back because he wasnt perfect enough. This expression is saying that a person should be allowed to express oneself as long as it is legal and not disturbing the public order or general order or general welfare of others. Vincent becoming an astronaut wouldnt affect any of these, he cannot even get a chance to try in the Gattacan world. All are equal before t he law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection to the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination (Universal Declaration of Human Rights). The invalids were treated inhumanely, as if they were all criminals. Discriminations problems can be one of the biggest concerns of most people if Gattaca world becomes real. Thirdly if everybody uses genetic engineering, people would have a longer life span. Earth may face an power crisis and cause the extinction of human beings. Another problem might come from different religions, a lot of people believe in natural process too. Furthermore this is not something that could be undone easily, once people start using genetic engineering, they will just rely on it. Fortunately, most of the problems I came out with were considered by experts from the Human Genome Project. One of the of import goals of the Human Genome Project is to address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project. (Human Genome Project 2003) The whole project has nine principles 1. Fairness in the use of genetic information 2. Privacy and confidentiality 3. Psychological impact and stigmatization 4. Reproductive issues 5. clinical issues 6. Uncertainties 7. Conceptual and philosophical implications 8. Health and environmental issues 9. Commercialization of products. Those nine principles can ensure everyone that the problems happened in the movie Gattaca will not occur in reality. I think there is a bright future for Human Genome Project as long as the nine principles are followed.I really enjoyed Gattaca. It raises some very good points that question the uses of technology in the not so distant future. The use of genetic research has led to humanity bio-engineering children to be free of defects and disabilities. Furthermore, I feel really rapturous for Vincent as he mixes with members of the valid world despite his own in-Valid condition, he manages to gain considerable respect and admiration because of his persistence, even from people unconscious of his status as a genetic impostor. Although Vincent is at the lower end of the genetic hierarchy, it is due to his ferocious determination and unquenchable desire that he is able to rise above his colleagues and achieve his dreams. It is these qualities that deem the central champion unique in the world of Gattaca. In the end, this movie also do me question where we should draw the line between science and ethics.

Changing Commodity Prices Impact On Common Agricultural Policy Economics Essay

Changing Commodity Prices Impact On putting green sylvan constitution Economics EssayIn the wake of an progressively sphericalized economy, one that has seen the emergence of large change over blocs and common marketplaces, the nations of the world obligate been competitively forced into becoming more(prenominal) economically corporate year afterwards year. In light of hund rose-cheekeds of old age of consumer theory, this would almost certainly conk one to a conclusion of necessarily baseer bells and more competent production on almost all products. However, as is the case in umteen nations, the European Union (EU) has succeeded in creating an artificial market for country products finished the enforce of a popular Agricultural insurance (C.A.P).The commonalty Agricultural insurance policy is a form _or_ system of government, set forth by the European Union (EU), which is comprised of a set of rules that regulate the production, work, and processing of agra rian products. The C.A.P shortly accounts for almost fifty percent of the EU budget, however, this number continues to decrease everyplace the years. The C.A.P is significant in that it emblemizes Europes switch from sovereignty on a home(a) level to a European level. (McDonald and Dearden, (2005), European Economic Integration, Prentice Hall, quaternate edition.)Common Agricultural Policy (C.A.P).The EUs bucolic policy dates gumption to 1957, when the creators of the parallelism of Rome defined the general objectives of a common sylvan policy, post-war nutriment shortages still fresh in minds. The principles and mechanisms of the Common Agricultural Policy (C.A.P) were adopted by the six founding members of the European Economic Community, and in 1962 C.A.P came into force.C.A.P was intentional to secure Europes self-sufficiency in intellectual nourishment production. The basic principles of C.A.P remained the same for decades guaranteed prices for rude products, ofte n above world price levels, and subsidies based on the bar of production, with little concern for the problem of surplus production.C.A.P has been the most fully integrated of EU policies. In the 1970s, nearly 70% of the EU budget went into agriculture. afterward a series of remediates, agriculture expenses in the budget confirm dropped to 35 % for the 2007-2013 financial period. Over the same period, more money (9.7%) has been allocated for rural instruction and the expansion of EUs different responsibilities. (Common Agricultural Policy (C.A.P).European journalism Centre (EJC) 2009).Common Agricultural Policys reforms.The C.A.P has had a long hi twaddle of reform, and is nowhere near perfect. The foremost attempt at reform came just ten years after its implementation. In 1968, the Mansholt Plan was put into effect in an attempt to abbreviate the number of hoi polloi in the agriculture business and to promote more efficient means of agricultural production. In 1972, the e xtensive feed surpluses were targeted by the creation of structural measures designed to modernize European agriculture. This attempt at reform is generally regarded as a failure because many of the problems it well-tried to fix were still left unchecked. In 1983, a publication was released entitled, The chiliad Paper, which sought to balance the ongoing disparities betwixt supply and demand through improvements in production. In 1988, the European Council agreed on various reform measures. The most most-valuable was the agricultural use guideline, which limited the percentage of C.A.P expenditure in the overall budget. In 1991-92, the future of the C.A.P was addressed through what has been called, the MacSharry Reforms. The hear aspects of the reforms included the cutback of agricultural prices to make the products more competitive, compensation for upraiseers that incur release a leaving in income, and environmental protection. The reform of 1992 was generally regarded a s successful, with positive set up on European agriculture. However, international trends, the enlargement towards Central and Eastern Europe, the breeding of the single currency causing budget constraints, the increasing fight of products from non-member countries, and a new orotund of World Trade Organization negotiations forced supercharge adaptation of the C.A.P (europa.eu.int). In July 1997, Agenda 2000 was created to address many of the important issues facing the EU and the C.A.P. The key focuses of this new agenda are the reinforcement of the competitiveness of agricultural commodities in domestic and world markets, the promotion of a honest standard of living, the creation of extra sources of income for maturateers, a new rural using policy, revamped environmental considerations, better food flavor and precaution, and the simplification of C.A.P legislation.The first cockle of C.A.P reforms had decreased over-production, brought down providedter mountains and e mptied the milk lakes. But by 2002, some(prenominal) factors made it a necessity to undertake major review of the EUs farm policy, including several food crises, the EUs planned eastward expansion, World Trade Organizations objections to the C.A.P and the sustainable suppuration strategy defined during the Gothenburg Summit. In 2003, Franz Fischler, then the focussinger for cultivation, Fisheries and country culture, presented a C.A.P reform package he described as the most ingrained improvement to the EUs agricultural policy ever. His main proposals includeddecoupling of subsidies and production extravagantly requirements of environmental, food precaution and animal welfare standards as prerequisite for acquire subsidiesmore money to rural development as opposed to repoint and market subsidiescuts in intervention prices in many sectorsAfter heat up debate, farm ministers agreed to go through with the C.A.P reform. Although, the link between farm subsidies and the amount of production was not totally abolished, as originally proposed, a major shift did take place, with the bulk of farmers income now coming from turn to aid, based on the size of their holdings and not production. (Common Agricultural Policy (C.A.P).European Journalism Centre (EJC) 2009).The reform in any case prepared the EU for the WTO Doha round of international trade liberalization talks, where the EU offered to eliminate export subsidies completely by 2013. The talks were put on hold in 2006. any(prenominal) the result of the trade talks, the EU remains the worlds largest importer of food, especially from developing countries.A number of sensitive sectors were left out of the 2003 C.A.P reform, including sugar, wine, bananas and other fruits and vegetables. Since then, a scholarly reform of the sugar sector was agreed on in 2005. In 2006 and early 2007 the Commission also proposed reforms for the wine, banana and fruit and vegetables sectors. (Common Agricultural Policy (C.A. P).European Journalism Centre (EJC) 2009).Under the Barroso Commission, Mariann Fischer Boel took over stewardship of the renamed Agriculture and Rural growth DG. She continues to strive for higher food quality and safety, efficient application of the Rural Development Policy 2007-2013, energy crop schemes and simplification of the C.A.P and cutting of red tape.The enlargement of the EU from 15 to 27 members has brought new challenges to C.A.P the number of farmers in the EU increased by over 70%.Meanwhile, farming organisations be possessed of welcomed the EUs decision to set a minimum 10% target for the use of biofuels for transport by 2020. The EU has also created the possibility for agriculture to run for a bigger role in the fight against climate change, jibe to the COPA organisation.A key aim of the 2008 French EU Presidency was to realize the C.A.P up to speed with new global challenges. To this end, with the backing of the Commission and a vast majority of member state s, four texts were adopted in November 2008, instruction on rural development, direct aid to farmers, and regulation mechanisms for the single market (dairy quotas, interventions, etc.). (A health check( peak)by Europa (European Commission) (2009)).These agreements officially launched the EU debate on the future of the C.A.P post-2013, also taking stock of global food balances, competitiveness, sustainable development, and the economic zing of rural areas.The Czech Presidency of the EU, in the first semester 2009, failed to secure an agreement on the future of the C.A.P post-2013. However, the Agriculture Council did agree unanimous conclusions on agricultural product quality and the retargeting of aid in Less Favoured Areas (LFA). (Common Agricultural Policy (C.A.P).European Journalism Centre (EJC) 2009).The quality policy paves the way to clearer tailling and, it is hoped, better conversation and understanding among farmers, wholesalers and consumers. The Council also said it would consider national and private food certificates that follow Commission good practice guidelines and pledged to cut red tape for farmers and producers who want to apply for EU schemes like the organic label and geographical indications.The LFA programme is designed to improve the targeting of aid to farmers in areas with natural handiC.A.Ps. Member states have been asked to produce maps by 31 January 2010, including specific flesh out on climate, soil, and terrain. (Common Agricultural Policy (C.A.P).European Journalism Centre (EJC) 2009).Global food prices and C.A.P reform.The European Unions common agricultural policy protects and subsidizes agriculture so heavily as to bring serious social losses to the Economic Union. The policy creates inefficiencies in the agriculture sector as well as other sectors of society such as manufacturing, textiles, and service industries. Furthermore, there have been many economic consequences of the C.A.P, including the high level of protec tion, the burdens on consumers, taxpayers, and the EU budget, environmental damage, the trauma to international trading relations, and the failure to raise farmers incomes (The Common Agricultural PolicyPast, Present and Future. Brain E.Hill. Metheuen Co. Ltd, London. (page 117). There are a lot factors prudent of the food price rise speculation in commodity markets, low global food stocks, subsidies, high cost of energy, concentration of important agricultural markets in the hands of a few firms, trade restrictions by important exporters to protect domestic consumers, depreciation of the US dollar and lower productivity growth due to low investment in agricultural lookAs global priceshit new highs,the European Commission had to intervene. start-off they sold its intervention stocks, removed the obligation to set aside 10% of arable land for the 2008 harvest, increased milk quotas by 2% and hang up import duties on cereals. (Global food prices and poll reform by Euractiv. (2 009). Then, theCommissionproposedpolicymeasures aimed at improving market transparency. It decided to enhance observe ofdevelopments in agricultural markets andanalyze the impact of price speculation.The EU decision maker also announced plans toinvestigate the functioning of the food supply cosmic string for potential unfair commercial practices, which may be holding back competitionanddriving up prices.Overall, the Commissionspolicy to address rising global food prices comprises threestrands of actionMitigating short and medium-term effects of the food price shockby monitoring price developments and speculative investments, changing the CAPIncreasing agricultural supply and ensuring food security in the longstanding termby strengthening the sustainabilityof EU and global policies on biofuels, boosting agricultural researchto increase productivity and maintaining an open but vigilant GMO policy,and add to the global effort to help the poorby promoting an open trade policy and co ncluding the Doha round of World Trade government activity (WTO) talks,offering humanitarianaid and supportingagricultural and rural development policy changes in developing countries. (Global food prices and CAP reform by Euractiv. (2009).C.A.P effects upon the environment.The C.A.P has also caused concern for the environment as well as concerns for the economy. Because of the subsidies provided to farmers, they have the incentive to produce more agricultural products because they will throw more money. The C.A.P price policies have encouraged intensive farming and the utilise of antibiotics, pesticides, and nitrates. This has put a strain on the environment and has interested the people of the European Union. The policy did not foresee farmers overproducing and over using chemicals, but this has become an indirect cost created by the policy. Europeans are also concerned with food safety because of farmers using so many chemicals in production. Farmers have been getting away wit h using the chemicals and unsafe practices because of the limited food safety regulations. Policymakers believed that high price supports would lead to higher food safety and quality. noble support prices do not increase either food safety or quality indeed, minimum prices and intervention guarantees encourage low quality and standardized produce (The European Community Economic and Political Aspects. (V.Lintner and S.Mazey. Mcgraw-Hill, Maidenhead. (page 107) (1991).CCL C.A.P has been seen as a monument to the determination of politicians, especially in the early years of integration, to work together for a united Community. It has become a symbol of co-operation. C.A.P has economic and social dimensions.There are many reasons put front to explainrisingfood prices. These range from changing eating habits to trade restrictions and climate change. TheEuropean Commissioninsists that there is no connection between EU agricultural subsidies and rising food prices, andstresses that the C.A.P ismuch less trade-distorting than the American policy.(Global food prices and CAP reform by Euractiv. (2009).ANNEXES see to it 2 EU agricultural payments, 1963-2013.Source Agriculture 2009 revised.pptFigure 3 EU expenditure 1988-2006.Source Agriculture 2009 revised.pptFigure 4Source Agriculture 2009 revised.pptFigure 5 and 6Source Europa.REFERENCESWEB SITESGlobal food prices and CAP reform by Euractiv. (2009)http//www.euractiv.com/en/cap/global-food-prices-cap-reform/article-184329Accessed 15th February 2010.Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) by European Journalism Centre (EJC). (2009)http//www.eu4journalists.eu/index.php/dossiers/english/C8Accessed sixteenth February 2010.Agriculture CAP by Europa (European Commission) (2009)http//europa.eu/pol/agr/index_en.htmaccessed 16th February 2010.The Doha Development Round of trade negotiations understanding the issues by OCDE. (2008).http//www.oecd.org/ enter/45/0,3343,en_2649_201185_35738477_1_1_1_1,00HYPERLINK http//www.oecd.org/doc ument/45/0,3343,en_2649_201185_35738477_1_1_1_1,00en-USS_01DBC.htmlHYPERLINK http//www.oecd.org/document/45/0,3343,en_2649_201185_35738477_1_1_1_1,00en-USS_01DBC.htmlHYPERLINK http//www.oecd.org/document/45/0,3343,en_2649_201185_35738477_1_1_1_1,00en-USS_01DBC.htmlen-USS_01DBC.htmlAccessed 17th February 2010. apology EuropeOne vision, one market Europe as a success story? (2008)http//www.groupedebruges.eu/Word docs/manifest_chapter_4_(draft_version_1).docAccessed 20th February 2010.LECTURELecture 11 Agriculture.SEMINARSeminar 11 Agriculture.Agriculture 2009 revised.pptREPORTSCAP reform document 970 Future CAP.pdf 981 Future CAP.pdfCAP cut across Open Europe CAP report.pdf

Communication Skills for Teamwork: Reflective Summary

Communication Skills for Team last Reflective unofficialSocial, Legal and Ethical IssuesReflective reportThis report is going to give way the strengths and weaknesses of the module Legal methods and Ethical issues. The aim of this report is to evaluate and chance on the interrogation that has been utilise for the classify unveiling and the performance of the congregation during the presentation. Also, different one point that will be presented in this report is the mathematical group work and the cooperation among the subdivisions of the group. Fin all toldy, by dint ofout this report it will be demonstrated the aims of the module, the run into the students had from the module, how they were influenced and affected by dint of this procedure and the association learned and how is going to do the students in the future.The modules aims include the aw atomic number 18ness development of students, but excessively enhancing students noesis and ability to critically an alyse a umteen of mixer behaviors, estimable dilemmas and legal issues. Furthermore, by the end of the module, students will be able to run rational discussion and critical thinking about ethical issues. all in all of the above aims will help students to be ready to encounter any difficulties or specific circumstances of their working life in the context of use of brotherly networks and digital communication. This module is truly helpful and unavoidable for students, in order to gain knowledge on how all the above issues cover be related to their future, personal life and job.Additionally, students had to explore the knowledge gained with the module and apply it in practice, which means that students had to make their own search in a certain topic, analyze it and then present it. In our group was assigned the topic Protecting you and your organisation from malicious digital attacks which was a very evoke topic, including the legislation part. Furthermore, it was a ve ry new theme of the 21th century, since technology and internet are integral and crucial part of our lives. Specifically, malicious digital attacks is a term of computing, which is any physical or electronic action taken with the intent of acquiring, destroying, modifying, or entrywaying a substance abusers data without permission. As has been stated before, the definition of malicious digital attacks is a very general topic and includes a lot of issues, at that placefore we split it into part and each group member made their research on a specific part. My part was to find the companies which had been hacked, the security PR disasters and digital attacks that damaged the trustworthiness and reputation of the companies. The following paragraphs will analyze the research about malicious digital attacks and will describe the change of the research and my own path before the presentation.My initial search for articles gave me a lot of general and ir germane(predicate) information and it seemed very difficult and about confusing. Although, when I correctly understood the topic, I rear helpful and relevant information, which made it extremely enkindle. Additionally, my research was based on articles, so I used the Google Scholar to find information, since BBC give-and-take provided me with a variety of knowledge and examples of companies being hacked. In the appendix, you will find virtually of the sites that I used and two articles of BBC news with many of my comments on them.These daylights, the social media, internet and legion(predicate) of online organizations come first on spates preferences for some(prenominal) reasons. The social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, are being used finishedout the day by people, as a way of communication, promotion of products, companies and organizations, as a mode of entertainment and the approximately important are free. Furthermore, another play along which has large number of users is Sony, which has online games (FIFA, PRO) and people can be entertained through that site very easy. There are lots of organizations and companies that people are using, but in my research I focused on the or so frequently used, such as Facebook, Twitter, Dropbox and Sony. All of these companies have something in park, because they are the most popular, they were more easily hacked and more users were affected.People who use the social media either day have not only advantages, but overly several disadvantages. Although Facebook, Twitter, Dropbox and Sony are free services, in order to have access to this applications is necessary for a user to provide all personal details, such as name and surname, email address, gender, birth date, phone number, username and password. Additionally in some cases, is necessary to provide credit card and bank forecast numbers in order to have access to online games like FiFA. passim my research I found that peoples personal details are not safe, because it is very easy for someone to hack a company and steal personal information of the users. Moreover, through my research I found that all of these online services have been hacked more than one date in the last two years, but also hackers have stolen numerous peoples personal details and passwords. In some cases, users unconnected a significant amount of money from their bank accounts due to online hacking. Therefore, people should be very careful, when they create accounts and also is recommended to change their passwords approximately every ninety days.As for our group work, according to Levin (2005), face-to-face meetings are necessary for direct and active communication among group members, instead of communicating through emails or Facebook, were people are unable to understand a persons feelings and mood. For example, in our team up students communicated through emails and meetings, as a offspring were had subtile communication without mis senses and conflicts. Furthermore, acc ording to Hargie (2004) team is a number of mutually beneficial people bound together by a collective aim. An infixed feature of a team is that the members co-operate to progress to jointly agreed goals.Furthermore, there are several advantages from teamwork. As Levin (2005) mentioned, teamwork is an opportunity for students to learn more efficiently about the concept of a course, in relation to regular cultivation methods (i.e. lectures, textbooks). Also, they can develop a different way of thinking, adopt common goals and try to achieve them through teamwork, which is one of the most important facilitators in achieving positive, cost-effective outcomes in various organizational settings (Procter Currie, 2004).In addition, teamwork can be an enjoyable and useful experience, because from my perspective, teamwork helped me improve my communication and cooperation skills, since I had to work and achieve a common goal with different kind of people. A group can succeed in doing gr eat things which one person cannot do it alone (Levin, 2005). In our case, if we werent a team, each one of us alone couldnt effectively carry out all the duties and responsibilities of the foresee. fit to Levin (2005), respect between the team members is the basic rule for a booming and efficient outcome, so we tried to respect each other by giving the opportunity and possibility to each member of the group member, to plow their ideas and express their opinion about the project. This helped our team to better organize and successfully execute our mission, because we implemented the most original and innovating ideas and methods.Furthermore, the aim of the group work was to create a beneficial and interactive presentation. Through group work, we found a lot of different and interesting resources to cover our topic and we were absolutely prepared for the execution of the presentation. The day of presentation was slightly stressful for our team members, because we had worked very baffling and we wanted to succeed. Moreover, in my opinion, the presentation was good and interesting for the audience, who successfully participated in the quiz that our team created. The game included many questions which were presented during the presentation. The audience was broken in two teams and the team who answered more chop-chop and correctly the questions, won a price. In my point of view, the presentation was very interactive and entertaining for the audience.The feedback from the audience was really good, specifically for the quiz, because people laughed a lot and there was a very friendly atmosphere. The feedback forms were quite satisfactory, because most of the forms, as seen in the appendix, focus on the interactive quiz, which the audience want the most. Generally, through peoples comments appears that the presentation was interactive and enjoyable, but also provided the audience with many useful information about the subject. On the other hand, there were som e negative comments about the presentation. For example, the fact that the presenters read through their notes made the presentation less interactive and communicative with the audience.In my overview, this project was a very good and helpful experience for me, due to the excellent teamwork and team spirit. Throughout the preparation, our team had weekly meetings through which all of our groups members took joint decisions about the tasks and duties of our project. Also, my group was very helpful for me, since they gave me good guidelines and there was an excellent communication and cooperation between us. The day of the presentation, was stressful, but I tried to be more relaxed and managed to properly present my part, because I worked hard and I did not want to disappoint both my team and me. In conclusion, I am very satisfied with myself and my performance before and during the presentation, since I worked hard with our group and I have tried to be as best as I could. Unfortunate ly, due to my stress and anxiety during the presentation I spoke very quickly and it might create some misunderstandings as to what I was saying.In conclusion, the semester one was very useful and interesting for the students. The knowledge and the experience gained will helped them in their future career for several reasons. Firstly, students succeed in creating a different way of thinking, in understanding the legal methods and ethical issues and to gather information and details for dissimilar topics. Furthermore, all the presentations were very good and students worked very hard to accomplish that, although there were some more interactive and interesting presentations, compared to others. This module helped students to understand how to analyze a big topic and how to execute a correct research. In this case, the group work was essentially for this project, because the subject was very large and each member of the group worked for a particular part and the results were certainly much better, compared to an single work.References listHargie, O. (2004). Communication Skills for Effective Management. New York Palgrave Macmillan.Levin, P. (2005). Successful teamwork for undergraduates and taught postgraduates working on group projects. England Open University Press.Procter, S., Currie, G. (2004). Target-based team working Groups, work and interdependence in the UK civil service.Human Relations,57(12), 1547-1572.My research (links)Articles of my researchhttp//www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-13636704http//www.criticalgamer.co.uk/2011/06/24/have-sony-turned-a-pr-disaster-into-a-pr-triumph-part-two/http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-13537128http//www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2386378,00.asphttp//www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-13206687http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-21160818http//www.wired.com/gamelife/2011/05/sony-online-entertainment-hack/http//www.heavy.com/tech/2013/03/a-timeline-ofcompanies-that-have-been-hacked-in-2013/http//www.wired.com/threatlevel/2013/02/ twitter-hacked/http//xbox.about.com/od/news/a/Xbox-Live-Fifa-12-Hack-Explained.htm

Slumdog Millionaire A Short Summary Film Studies Essay

Slumdog Millionaire A Short Summary Film Studies leavenThe character of an 18 year-old orphan named Jamal Malik from the Mumbais slums, who experienced the miserable days of his spiritedness. strong nation discerning, he is scantily one question far from triumphant 20 million rupees on program, Indias Who resemblings to be a Millionaire? But when the reel breaks for the night, policemen percolate him on suspicion of betraying how could a road child shed light on so some(prenominal)? Despairing to verify his innocence, Jamal nonifies the scenes in the slum of his lifespan where his brother and he grow up, of their excursions simultaneously on the street, of vicious runs into with localize gangs, and of Latika, the young girl he loved her and then he preoccupied her. Each episode of his story reveals the input to the answer game shows questions. 18 year vintage Jamal Malik is having an astonishing responding mark on Who likes to be a Millionaire. He is just one right answ er a dash from the big pay. Is Jamal betraying? Is it solely luck that they deliver inquired him the questions to which he realizes the replies? Considering Jamals life expedition to this understructurecoming finally answers these inquiries. His life journey encompasses at an early age he became orphan living with his brother, Salim, who was his protector, antagonist and guardian and having an attachment since childhood with or so other orphaned progeny, a young female. His inspiration for being on the expand furthermore may provide some answers to his success. Possibly it was all just intended to be.In Mumbai, Jamal Malik is chew uped by the cops in consideration of deceiver a game brandish. Jamal, who has no discovering and works in a retrieve c precede assisting tea, is close to winning twenty million rupees in the demo who likes to be a Millionaire? The police earthly concern inspector exhibitions the videotape and after each(prenominal) investigation, Jamal notifies components of his childhood with his male sibling Salim, his trample for Latika and their assault to endure on the roads to obligate each correct answer, guided by his universal sense and past know-how, and verify his innocence.Mumbais policeman Sergeant Srinivas and his better send and detain Jamal Malik. They suppose that he was betraying a popular Indian TV game display. They concord clues that Jamal has had no prescribed learning and has been a joke roinbber as a progeny, and argon actually(prenominal) resolute to inquiry him utilizing any(prenominal) method to get that how he can be able to enter in this game of money. (Wikipedia, the thaw encyclopedia, 2009)Production of depictionThe genesis of Slumdog Millionaire started at conduit 4 when the Head of painting and Drama, Tessa Ross, got a phone call from Film4s take sc out(a), Kate Sinclair, who clarified that shed read a verification of an exceptional article. Whereas nevertheless to be released, when Sinclair c hucked the article, Ross directly optioned the publication.Ross proposed that, while the publication was difficult to change into a play, she thought Beaufoy had the ability and know-how to do it. He knows how to explain the life of man from birth to his success. It was perhaps incoherent and few tales were nearly discreet short(p) tales that had no quotation to the foremost soul characteristics at all. Its very plain to starting with ones own concept and evolving it. Simon came up with the new name of Slumdog Millionaire. Its a comedy but its furthermore, at times, a horrifying drama. There are instants of big agony. Its a story and like all the best tales, it has instants of authorized darkness and repugnance. There is a large combine of things that really convey you antic and make you bawl and make you gasp. When the script was in well-grounded enough form to take it to Danny, the groups number one alternate was Danny Boyle.In the world of video development, where tasks c an labor to move ahead, certainly foeman re-writes, new writers, comprehensive comments and delays as other videos move into dampen, Slumdog Millionaires development flex was rapid. Mechanically the places and bustle affiliated with every area the chip in traveled to intend that Danny and his camera section, including the award winners controller of taking p sweltryos Anthony Dod Mantle, had to incubate some camera alternatives and firing methods. The crew was primarily conceiving to fire certain scenes utilizing highly complicated SI-2K digital cameras, but Boyle was obstinate that he did not yearn to take large and rather cumbersome 35mm cameras into the slums. The lesser, more negotiable digital cameras enabled them to blaze rapidly with much less disturbance to the place groups. Finding places and being allocated get access to be a logistical challenge for the place support and scouts from the groups Indian additions was vital. A localized yield business India Take One expressed its knowledge to the yield, endowing the team to very quickly journal out how they would shift quickly from one status to the next. But distance is not habitually the large-scale topic in India. With millions of vehicles, rickshaws and taxis vying for the streets, traffic jams are part of everyday life as graphic and dozing.General, in Mumbai, the of importtain systems for filming were very much complicated than the yield had initially likely. Though disordered to an amount, Colson issue out that amenities were kind across all facets of the production procedure. Mumbai is a world center for film making. The amenities are first class. There are truly incredible crews, studio space etc.Box office reception have Searchlight issued 351 publishes of the photo over India for its full issue there on 23 January 2009. At the Indian carton bureau, in its first week, it makes business for near Rs. 23,545,665. Although not as much successful as foremost Bollywood matters in Ind ia throughout its first week, this was the biggest weekend whole for any Fox video. In its second week, the films whole increased to Rs. 30,470,752 at the Indian box agency. (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2009)Twosomes of analysts have proposed their attitudes close the films presentation at the Indian carton bureau. Komal Nahta, handle analyst, stated that, There was an adversity with the title. It is not a well cognise phrase for majority Indians. In supplement, trade analyst Amod Mehr has cl endeavored that with the exclusion of indigo Kapoor, the movie lacks recognizable stars and that the video. is not ideally matched for Indian sentiment. A videos owner commented that to find out slum young men talking perfect English dont appear good but when speaks in Hindi lyric poem the movie looks much realistic. The named Hindi type, did better at the box agency, and added admit replicates of that type were issued. Following the films achievement in the 81st Academy Awards, the movie is maturation in India bigger by 470%. As of 15 March 2009, grossed of Rs. 158,613,802 of Slumdog Millionaire has at the Indian carton agency.ReviewsAccording to generation Entertainment One juvenile man, Jamal, has suspiciously or miraculously, extended the two worlds. An office boy, or chai wallah, from a Call center business, he has won a treasure on the Indian type of who likes to Be a Millionaire. The anchor is so atheistic of Jamals proficiency to answer the inquiries that he has try to punish the reality out of the lad. His interpretations, all anxiety to his miserable life as an orphan without home in the enterprise of his male sibling Salim, and not often sufficient, with the winsome, systematically abused Latika.The quest of Jamals finding his love Latika is similar to the idea of Indian movies from Raj-Kapoor movies. Factual to its sources, Slumdog, acclimatized from the innovative QA by Vikas Swarup, finishes with a purely delighted embrace and an all out p romenade number, conceived by Bollywood deity A.R. Rahman. Despite of its components of cruelty, this is a floating tune to life, and a film to commemorate. (Singh, 2009)According to New York Times bathing comes regularly to Jamal, who profits from a dwelling as a chai-wallah assisting fragrant tea to call-center employees in Mumbai and who, after a sequence of vary exhilarating and unnerving excursions, has set down in the moderately hot chair on the TV game brandish Who likes to Be a Millionaire. Yet while the item undoes with Jamal on the verge of catching the large-scale reward, here, narrative doesnt start and end. By all privileges the consistency of Jamals life should have been brutally changed by disaster by the time he makes apprehend for the TV prize. But because Slumdog Millionaire is self deliberately bordered as an up to designated day tales or because Mr. Boyle bends in the main heading of the sanguine, this verifies to be one of the most upbeat tales about living in torment imaginable. Salim, observer the murder of their mother by marauding fanatics equipped with anti-Muslim epithets and associations.In the end, what presents me reluctant hesitate about this bright, cheery, hard-to-resist video is that its enjoyment senses much like a filmmakers assessment than a dependable bawl from the heart about the human essence. (Dargis, 2008)People remarks about filmEvery one-by-one has his own confusion and way of conceiving. whatsoever adored it and some have critical comments. Some of them are grantedWithout a doubt the best video I have ever glimpsed encompassing a pulsing, assuring soundtrack, appealing motion-picture photography throughout, a captivating movie bragging gritty realism yet awe-inspiring romance. But as for being contradictory in the main heading of India, it teaches as far as the prostitution and the slums etc. is considered, it displays India as a vibrant, colorful, fast-moving, hope-filled location.Absolutely, not feeling good movie. Blaring, energetic, fast-moving and colorful, but how can so much brutality and unhappiness go away any item-by-item feeling good?I regret going to glimpse a video which takes advantage of poor children. This Oscar being triumphant film Slumdog millionaire was very inspirational and uplifting movie with lots of wants in it. Regrettably, its not so looking at the pureness of the Oscar winning children genuine life. These children were the aim of the movie. They were the funnies and large actors with no popularities and with the smallest past know-how of portraying. (Dargis, 2008) (Time Out London, 2009)Impact made by movieMost of the persons loved this video just because of the work of player and the way he get ease of his sad life but some persons criticize this video. Persons hold praising the films very sensible portrayal of slums life in India. But its not that thing. Slums life is a miserable. It takes self-assurance from you in the shape of the wealthy and the privilege d. It robs your dignity, deadens your ambition, bounds your fantasy and psychologically cripples you when you step surface the solace zone of your own locality. Most people in the slums not ever complete a fairy-tale ending. Reviewer said that Sudips concept is so sensible. Although, I would furthermore like to note that not every individual answers the way how individuals should react. Individuals in the slums might be stolen off of self-assurance because they disquiet that their family constituent be enforced with hazard if they do something foolish. (WebbieStuff, 2009)Message got from movieDespite of all the hype, Slumdog consigns a patronizing and ultimately sham asseveration on communal fairness. Danny Boyles Slumdog Millionaire, probably one of the most commemorated videos in in vogue(p) times, notifies the rags-to-rajah article of a love-struck Indian juvenile man, with a small support from fate success over his wretched starting in Mumbai. Slumdog has furious numerous Indians because it tarnishes their insight of their homeland as an expanding financial authority and a bonfire of democracy. Indias English newspapers, said mostly by its middle classes, have conveyed many bristling reconsiders of the film that articulate an acute sense of wounded across the nation dignity. Though comprehensible, the emotion is not justifiable. So at times pitiably artificial, many of the films heart trembling scenarios are motivated by a miserable, but well-documented truth.Corruption is certainly rampant amidst the policeman, and most will volitionally use torment, so none is expected dim sufficient to aim an eloquent, English-talking man which is actually an expanding newspapers incident. Beggar-makers do round-up forsaken juvenile kids and mutilate them in connective to make them more agreeable, while it is highly unlikely that any such(prenominal) progeny will ever possibility upon a $100 account, much less be adept of recognizing it by feel and scent alone . (Sengupta, 2009)

Archimedes :: essays research papers

Archimedes (287-212 BC), preeminent Greekmathematician and inventor, who wrote important kit and boodleon scan and solid geometry, arithmetic, and mechanics.Archimedes was born in Syracuse, Sicily, and educated inAlexandria, Egypt. In pure mathematics he anticipatedmany of the discoveries of innovational science, such as theintegral calculus, through his studies of the areas and good deals of curved solid figures and the areas of planefigures. He also proved that the volume of a sphere istwo-thirds the volume of a cylinder that circumscribes thesphere. In mechanics, Archimedes defined the principle ofthe lever and is assign with inventing the compoundpulley. During his stay in Egypt he invented the hydraulicscrew for tiptop water from a lower to a higher level. He is top hat known for discovering the law of hydrostatics, oftencalled Archimedes principle, which states that a bodyimmersed in unsound loses weight equal to the weight of theamount of fluid it displaces. This discov ery is state to havebeen made as Archimedes stepped into his bath andperceived the dis displace water overflowing, and afterviewing that had ran outside into the streets nakedscreaming "Eureka(I found it)" Archimedes fatigued themajor part of his life in Sicily, in and around Syracuse. Hedid not hold any public office but given over his entire lifetimeto research and experiment. During the Roman conquest ofSicily, however, he placed his gifts at the disposal of thestate, and several of his mechanical devices were employedin the defense mechanism of Syracuse. Among the war machinesattributed to him are the catapult and-perhaps legendary-amirror system for focusing the suns rays on the invadersboats and igniting them. After the capture of Syracuseduring the Second Punic War, Archimedes was killed by a

John Updike :: essays research papers

bathroom Hoyer Updike was born March 18, 1932 to Linda Grace Updike and Wesley Russell Updike in Reading, atomic number 91. Wesley Updike was originally from unsanded Jersey where he worked as a promise splicer and was laid off from his job during the depression. Wesley Updike met his wife Linda Updike in New Jersey. after(prenominal) Wesley Updike was laid off in New Jersey they locomote to Shillington, Pennsylvania where Linda Updike was from. Wesley Updike became a teacher at the local High School. ("Updike, posterior 413). John Updike started to envision public schools in Shillington in 1936 he continued to take in schools in Shillington until 1950. In 1945 his family moved to an 80-acre farmhouse in Plowville, Pennsylvania eleven miles from Shillington. In 1950 John Updike graduated president and co-valedictorian from Shillington High School. During the summer he worked as a copy boy for the Reading Eagle. As a copy boy, he wrote a few feature stories for the newspa per ("Updike,John 414). That fall he began to attend Harvard and started writing for the Harvard Lampoon a funny magazine where he was later elected the president of the magazine. On June 26, 1953 he married his wife bloody shame E, Pennington a fine arts major from Radcliffe, she was two years sr. than John Updike. In 1954 he wrote his senior paper on Robert Herrick, who was a 17th century poet. That summer he graduated from Harvard summa cum laude (Yerkes, crowd together 4/2/00). The next fall John Updike moves to England on a Knox Fellowship where he enrolled in the fine arts at Oxford. At Oxford he met Katharine White and she offers him a job on the staff of The New Yorker. That summer he returned to his wife, and their first child Elizabeth was born April 1, 1955. He moved his family to Manhattan where he began his work at The New Yorker. 1957 son David was born and he left the staff of The New Yorker to concentrate on his own writing. may 14 1959 son Michael was born. December 15, 1960 his last child Miranda was born. In 1962 John Updike began teaching at Harvard. On April 1, 1964 elected to the American Academy of humanities at 32, he was the youngest member ever elected. In 1976 he filed for divorce and was granted. He moved in with Martha Bernhard and her three sons. He married Martha on September 30 of that year.

The Revolution of 1905: The First Russian Revolution Essay -- Russian

The Revolution of 1905 The First Russian Revolution We are, however, slightly in front of our story. The short period of 1900-1906 provides an essential piece of the puzzle to make the show up of the Russian Revolution complete. Russias Asian policy under Nicholas II took a by entirely odds expansionist and aggressive t unmatched, culminating in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. A primarily naval conflict on Russias Far Eastern frontier, this war brought screening the awful memories of the Crimean defeat when Japans newly modernized army and navy routed the out-dated, ill-equipped Russian forces. Peace negotiations, organized by United States President Theodore Roosevelt in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, anyowed Russia to save face on paper however, no one could argue with the historical fact that this marked the first time a European power lost any conflict with an Asian power. For the Russian establishment, it was an utter humiliation for the Russian radicals, it was an oppo rtunity. Even moderates radicalized their opposition to the central government by this time. The liberal constitutionalists, later called Kadets, organized their own illegal publication, called Liberation, to portion their complaints and grievances. Dissatisfaction with the inept central government--highlighted by its defeat at the hands of Asian Japan (there certainly was a racist element here)--was high atop any such list. In mid-1904, a popular Russian Orthodox priest, Georgi Gapon, organized thousands of St. Petersburg workers into his Assembly of Russian Factory Workers, an association originally financed and approved by the government to minimize the influence of radicals among the workers and bolster the credibility of the autarky by providing an outlet for worker grievances. However, despite the governments intention, this union took a decidedly Marxist and militant bent. When, in December 1904, numerous workers at the large Putilov factory in St. Petersburg were fired f or no apparent reason, the Assembly, who counted these sacked workers as members, leaped into action. The result was a citywide general strike in January 1905. On January 9, 1905 the striking workers organized a mass march on the spend Palace of the tzar with representatives holding a petition for our father Tsar Nicholas II. The petition called for higher wages, an eight-hour workday, a constitution, free elec... ... Bolshevik government went on a total war footing, known as War Communism. on a lower floor the banner of War Communism, Lenin allowed the CHEKA to conduct a Red Terror against any opposition force, whether military or civilian. CHEKA oversaw mass murders in the cities and enormous grump deaths, all aimed to intimidate White forces in the countryside--without question, it worked. In addition, Lenin quickly nationalized all industry so he could control all revenue and work elements, outlawed private trade so the government could gain all benefit from commerce, and o rdered the forced seizure of grain from all peasants to banquet his constituents and deny food to the opposition. Though this probably led to a devastating famine in 1922, Lenin took any means to reach his goal of victory. By early 1921, Lenin had galvanized his supporters, defeated the Whites, and secured the success of his seizure of power in October 1917. No longer was there a question of Communist rule in Russia, by now renamed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Lenin and his Bolshevik party, by virtue of their victory in the civil war, were entrenched in the nooky of power. The Russian Revolution was over.

Macbeth Notes :: essays research papers

Macbeth - Macbeth is a Scottish general and the thane of Glamis who is light-emitting diode to wicked thoughts by the prophecies of the three witches, especially after their prophecy that he will be made thane of Cawdor comes true. Macbeth is a brave soldier and a powerful man, but he is not a virtuous one. He is easily tempted into murder to fulfill his ambitions to the throne, and once he commits his first law-breaking and is crowned king of Scotland, he embarks on further atrocities with increasing ease. Ultimately, Macbeth proves himself discontinue suited to the battlefield than to political intrigue, because he lacks the skills necessary to rule without be a tyrant. His response to every problem is violence and murder. Unlike Shakespeares groovy villains, such as Iago in Othello and Richard III in Richard III, Macbeth is never comfortable in his role as a criminal. He is unable to tire the psychic consequences of his atrocities.Click here for In-Depth Analysis. Lady Mac beth - Macbeths wife, a deeply wishful woman who lusts for power and position. Early in the extend she seems to be the stronger and more ruthless of the two, as she urges her husband to kill Duncan and seize the crown. After the bloodshed begins, however, Lady Macbeth falls victim to guilt and madness to an even great degree than her husband. Her conscience affects her to such an extent that she eventually commits suicide. Interestingly, she and Macbeth are presented as being deeply in love, and many of Lady Macbeths speeches imply that her bring over her husband is primarily sexual. Their joint alienation from the world, occasioned by their union in crime, seems to strengthen the attachment that they feel to one another.Click here for In-Depth Analysis. The Three Witches - Three "black and midnight hags" who plot mischief against Macbeth using charms, spells, and prophecies. Their predictions cheer him to murder Duncan, to order the deaths of Banquo and his son, and to blindly believe in his own immortality. The play leaves the witches true identity unclearaside from the fact that they are servants of Hecate, we issue little about their place in the cosmos. In some ship canal they resemble the mythological Fates, who impersonally wove the threads of human destiny. They clearly put one across a perverse delight in using their knowledge of the emerging to toy with and destroy human beings.

grendelbeo Epic of Beowulf Essay - The Monstrous Grendel :: Epic Beowulf essays

The Monstrous Grendelof Beowulf It is true that Grendel is monstrous. He is non only a deadly enemy to Hrothgar and Herot, but to the Geats in general. Grendel seems to take his only pleasance from assaulting Herot and destroying the warriors inside. He is a bane to all those that live under Hrothgars rule. They abominate him. He is called the enemy of mankind (29) and rightly so. However, because of Grendels actions, they cannot see the some former(a) part of Grendel that makes him do the evil he does. Grendel, like the Angels before and the Geats short after, is symbolic of displaced races/peoples and not simply a mindless monster. When Adam and even had children, they had two boys. Their names were Cain and Able. When Cain killed Able, God banished him far from mankind (29). From Cain came trolls, elves, monsters, and giants. Grendel is a descending(prenominal) of Cain, so he shares Cains banishment. Cain may have been the first displaced psyche after Adam and Eve were throw n out of the Garden. Grendel shares his ancestors sentence. He is displaced not only from whatever land or wealth he would have if he were human but he is overly displaced form God. It is this displacement that causes Grendel to destroy. Since he cannot approach the throne (28) like early(a) people, he chooses to try to destroy the throne, because he has no love for him (God) (28). This is the important reason Grendel is symbolic of displaced peoples. After all, he is a direct descendent of the very first displaced people, Adam and Eve. However, unlike Adam and Eve, Grendel is doomed to an infinity of banishment from Gods light because of Cains sin against his brother. That is wherefore Grendel kills, because he cannot be in the light, because he is at war with God. Grendel is not only banished from Gods light, but from the light in general. passim the text, references are made to Grendel as the walker in darkness (36), and the dark-death follow (29). This kind of imagery furt her shows how displaced Grendel has become. The text refers to him as a pecker deprived of joy (36). The text also refers to Grendels dwelling as his joyless home (37). It is no wonder Grendel was considered so monstrous. Like other displaced peoples, he has nowhere that is a refuge to him, because he has been removed from his home, or in Grendels case, the love of the Lord.

Slow Food Essay -- Nutrition

The trend of the unwind aliment Movement has existed since the 1970s but has recently been thrusted into the fore apparent motion of prominent world issues as the cause and remedy of environmental challenges, topical anesthetic economic circumstances, and the complexities with social norms. The averse pabulum Movement can buoy be considered a counter-trend to Fast food. It was created in response to the augmentation of extravagant food a culture, the diminishment of people caring where the food comes from, and the diminishment of local food traditions. After a close examination of these factors, a prediction is made of the future trends of S junior-grade Food Movement, and how the Slow Movement concept will evolve to pay off a part of everyday life.The Oxford American Dictionary defines trends as a general tendency or inclination, the general direction in which something tends to scratch (1999) A trend analysis is defined as an examination of a trend to identify its nature , causes, speed of development, and potential impacts (Cornish, 2001, p.78). Trends at times eject as a response to other trends. The same deduction can be made about food trends. For example when the Atkins diet was popular, retailers responded with low shekels food options. In 2006, Burger King offered bunless burgers wrapped in lettuce, to raise to the dieters embracing a low, or no carbohydrate lifestyle. Additional fast food restaurants including Arbys, Hardees, Carls Junior, and Subway followed suit with bunless options. While the trend of no or low carbohydrate diets have diminished the low carbohydrate options continue to be available upon request. The trend illustrates the affects trends have on to each one other. The Slow Food Movement has similar roots of establishment. The Slow Food Movement can be... ...ustrys Parade toward Low-Carb Menu Items. . Knight Ridder Tribune Business word of honor 1(1), Retrieved Jun. 10, 2011, from from ProQuest Newsstand. (Document ID 524271311). Schneider, S. (2008). Good, Clean, Fair The Rhetoric of the Slow Food Movement. College English, 70 (4), pp. 384-402. Slow Food International. 1989. Slow Food Manifesto Retrieved from http//www.slowfood.com/international/2/our-philosophyTrend n. & v. The Oxford American Dictionary of Current English. Oxford University Press, 1999. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. August 2011 US Department of Agriculture, economic Research Service. 2008. U.S. Fertilizer Use and Price. information set. Available atWeb site http//www.ers.usda.gov/Data/FertilizerUse/ (accessed 11 June 2011).

The Turbulen Sixties Essay -- essays research papers

The Turbulent SixtiesThroughout American story, each generation has sought toindividualize itself from all others preceding it. Decades of Americanhistory can be separated to represent a distinctive establish of values, culture,and political ideals. The 1960s was a decade caught between euphoric,idealistic beginnings and a discordant, barbarian climax. The music of thistime period produced a strong counterculture which sought to goAmerica in a way never before experienced. The songs were the grit ofthis new age they were the tunes which the generation danced to, marchedto, and got high off of. This paper will discuss the ways popular music ofthe 1960s produced national a fighteness of the anti-war movements, take tothe partialcollapse of the structure of American society, and foreverchanged the way current generations listen to and cloud music.The songwriters of the 1960s were rargonly without inspiration.Perhaps the close powerful incentive came from the movement to ratioc ination theVietnam War. Many of the most prominent musicians of that generation aidedthe struggle to admit against and attempt to end the war. The mostpopular song to be considered an hymn against the war efforts was called"Blowin in the Wind," written by Bob Dylan in 1962 firearm he was living inNew York. The song is centered just about racism and militarism, two mainfocal points which were principal in some early sixties protest songs(Pichaske 58). Dylan used conventional symbols to blatantly demesne hispoint a dust coat dove representing peace, flying cannon balls describing warand violence, and roads and seas symbolizing the hardships and strugglesthere would have to be with eliminating the war.Demonstrations against the Vietnam War took office staff in many majorcities and college campuses. While many of these demonstrations had only imperturbable motives, violent methods were often used to break them up. Takefor example the noteworthy student takeover of Colum bia University. Blackstudents arguing for civil rights, and white students protesting againstthe Vietnam war successfully took over Hamilton Hall, the Low Library andthe Deans office, as hearty as three other buildings. The Grateful Deadwere smuggled onto campus and play several long sets of music whilestudents began to set up common living, with food generously donated byoutside supporters and Harlems CORE (Co... ... labels began methodically recruiting performers and signing them to contracts. The music was becoming less oriented to freeform and more than constricted so as to present them on FM radio. adbecame increasingly directed towards the hippies. Pepsi Cola began airingcommercials that consisted of an eerie psychedelic renderings of urbannightlife, with the Pepsi theme sounding more like a Byrds song than acommercial jingle (Frank 178). Many musicians began fighting a sense of recondite disillusion as the sixties winded down. Perhaps Dylan, the man who intercommunicate so poignantly about the generation understood it best, he knew thatthe most prominent threat to musicians of the sixties was their image, itleads to the generalization of their art and destroys it (Pichaske 177).In conclusion, the sixties were a turbulent time characterized withboth optimism and despair. The music that this generation spawned haslasted as a remnant of the idealistic and hopful nature of the times. Inmany racing shells, the songs are interrelated with certain events. In otherinstances, music was used as a catalyst to ignite a chain of events.Whatever the case may be, music was revolutionized during the1960s.