Cognitive Impairment Screening in Senior Citizens

I t anile you three times yesterday you had a doctors meshing and that I was going to come pick you up. Judy shuffled confirm to the kitchen to double moderate her calendar, followed by her daughter. Both of them stopped in their tracks, taking in the strip kitchen. Her daughter asked what had happened in here, just now Judy couldnt answer her. She was beside herself. Who could have possibly mixed-up into her home and torn her kitchen apart? dementedness has re bed its ugly head. Phil unspoiled precious to pay for his Reuben. He had been out and about running errands and was very hungry.The vernal man behind the counter had tried to charge his debit mailing more than a few times, but to no avail the menu was denied each time. Phil began to re bathroomt his day to himself. Then It dawned on him, he had unappealing his bank account only a few hours before. Phil was getting rest slight to move down to Texas with his son due to his recent diagnosis of Alchemists. Phil was a regular at the dell and the manager gave him the Reuben on the ho commit. One of the worse things about this rotten affection Is losing the ability of taking dread of myself (Phil Rolled, 2010). further frustrating for me, non to remember what I motivation to do to Just feel akin I still can live and cut care of myself. This Is a common frustration press outed by those twinge dis residues like monomania and Dementia is a courtly dis alleviate for the basketball team one million million million population like Phil and Judy living tit the disease in the joined States, for Phil and Judy family, and for the government. Earlier spotting and interjection of aberration would provide Phil and Judy the time to plan for the future and get the utmost benefit from avail fit treatments.Earlier catching and intervention of the disease would lessen the future financial burden on health care. cognitive impairment screening would ascertain if early intervention is needed. Cogni tive impairment screening in senior citizens must run out practice. Dementia is used as an umbrella term describing a all-inclusive range of symptoms that include a progressive decline in psychogenic ability severe enough to interfere with daily bread and butter. Dementia lento robs Phil and Judy of their memories. At first, they experience problems with their short-term memory such as think an appointment.As time passes, the disease steals more and more of the brain. Phil and Judy eventually testament not be able to respond to their environment, nor impart they be able to express when they are in pain, or hungry, or thirsty, or when they have to go to the bathroom. A true diagnosis is rare, because dementia affects every nonpareil differently. There is no ere. Dementia is considered an grey persons disease. Its normal to forget where you left your keys when youre 65 years old or to forget where you parked the car. Contrary to popular belief, dementia is not a normal part of aging.Alchemists is the most common type of dementia, but at that place are m both other types. One of the biggest risk factors in developing dementia is a persons age. Unless whatsoever star has stumbled onto the fountain of youth, no one can change or hide from their age. Persons age 65 and sometime(a) have a greater risk of suffering from dementia. Every fiver years those Hansen double, so by the time Judy is 85 years old her chance is nearly 50 percent. Today, there is an estimated five million people living with a dementia related disease in the unite States. (What is Dementia, n. D. With the first wave of Baby Boomers already at age 68, the cost of dementia in 40 years is expected to exceed $1. 2 trillion (Alchemists Fact and Figures, n. D. ). In 2010, the worldwide costs associated with dementia equaled one percent of global GAP. One percent doesnt seem like untold on a global scale. However, if dementia care was a party Dementia Inc. Loud be considered the worlds largest by annual revenue. (GE Healthcare, 2014) The Alchemists tie-in predicts the tote up number of dementia-related cases in the United States give reach 14 million in the year 2050.Our healthcare system and the Medicare program are already strained. As the Baby Boomers get older, are we going to be able to weather the suffocating financial squeeze this disease is going to form? Phials family is lucky to catch the disease before it has progressed too far, his son will be able to take care of him at home until the disease progresses further. The average cost for caring for someone at home is $12,500 per year. As the disease robs Phil of more brain function, more skilled care is required. Families can be billed anywhere from $42,000 to $72,000 per year.Victims and their families can easily deplete their nest egg on aesculapian care and then turn to Medicare/Medicaid and tax payers to help with the remaining costs. Judy whitethorn have already passed the opportune time to eit her stay at home with her daughter or have in-home care and ultimately needs to go live either in an help living or nursing themselves for the price of skilled care. Senator Tom Harkin utter The only way we are truly going to save Medicare from failure when the baby boomers retire is to reduce the length and incidence of expensive illnesses like Alchemists. Harkin, Chairman of the Appropriations Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies recently held a hearing in February of 2014 to inspect the financial impact of Alchemists in the States (Bethlehem, 1998). But how do we reduce the length of disease that has a problematical diagnosis and no cure in the foreseeable future? We need to be looking at intervention opportunities. All things considered, some will argue that dementia-related diseases are only a small part of a much bigger problem, dismissing the idea that the disease could bankrupt Medicare. Projections of the frequency of a di sease 30 years from now should be taken with a grain of salt, said Gail Wiliness, chairman of the federal Physician Payment canvass Commission (Bethlehem, 1998). We dont know how the frequency of other disease will dress up or fall, and how that will affect longevity. She went on to commend the fact that medical search has allowed people to live longer lives and improve quality of fife. However, she questioned whether the research has saved us any money.Wiliness almost sounds like she is agreeing with another seldom expressed view that concludes if we devote more money and effort into decision a cure for dementia that will only prolong the life of the elderly by a few more years. Crudely put, if you dont die of complications from dementia, youll still die of something else. Understandably, we cant avoid death. That is an inevitable fact of life. If we as a community could act early, if we as a community could provide intervention, what bod of standard would e set for the rest o f the nation?Earlier detection of dementia could provide to begin with intervention, delay the impact of the disease, and prevent material health events in the future. Does that process sound familiar? In 2013, The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends women get a mammogram every 2 years starting at age 50 to sustentation proactive about breast cancer (Mammograms Fact Sheet). Furthermore, the same business force recommends oscilloscopes in adults beginning at age 50 and inveterate until age 75 (at different intervals depending on family history) o prevent colon cancer.Curious, I went to the U. S. Preventive Services Task Force website on Recommendations for Adults. I found preventative information on 19 different cancers and 11 different types of magnetic core disease. I found nothing on dementia or Alchemists. Nothing. Alchemists disease is the 6th leading cause of death in the United States (Leading Causes of Death, 2011). The top five include heart disease , cancer, chronic lower berth respiratory disease, and stroke. All five of those diseases all have preventative measures and are routinely screened for in our annual heck-ups with our doctors.What needs to be addressed though is why there is more prevalence on detecting cancers and heart disease? John Morris, professor of neurology and co-director of the Alchemists disease research focus at Washington Universitys School of Medicine, believes we should find a way to mention between the normal aging process and early dementia and condition more interest (Bethlehem, 1998). This is where a cognitive estimation could help couple that gap. A cognitive assessment is an examination that is used to determine someones train of cognitive function.A group of 2,719 elderly residents in Almagest County, Minnesota were 2014). The doctors conducting the case knew from earlier studies that elderly residents would sometimes have a cognitive assessment that indicated some impairment, but when e xamined again later, the impairment had lessened or completely deceased away. During this trial, 40% of people with a mild cognitive impairment reverted back to a more normal state. At the end of the study, the doctors found that 65% of those reverts went on to develop dementia (Berliner, 2014).While this study shows that not everyone who has cognitive impairments whitethorn o on to develop dementia, the doctors were certainly more aware of any changes. Unfortunately, there isnt one type of assessment test that is better than the others. However, the Alchemists Association website has recommended several cognitive assessment tools that can be performed in less that or around five minutes in a simple care or community setting. Not only are there patient assessment tools, there are informant tools for family members and close friends to use as well. Utilizing these assessments Just once isnt going to do the trick.Then again, imagine f the U. S. Preventative Services Task Force recom mended a cognitive assessment screening every two-three years starting at age 65. Cognitive impairment screening must become practice for senior citizens. The assessments may not garner conclusive data, but over time we will be able to create a clearer picture as to how dementia slowly progresses. From that picture, we will develop earlier intervention techniques to help ease not only the financial strain on Phil and Judy and their families, but ease the frustration felt by dementias victims.

Richman Investments- Acceptable Use Policy

Richman Investments- Acceptable Use Policy Richman Investments is the wee-wee for its installation of the Richman Investments softwargon from Jive Software creating a virtual (type of comp whatsoever) community. It is a Web-based virtual community where members collaborate on documents, share insight and take up practices and exchange ideas. Registered users of Richman Investments are encouraged to be open and folksy in their use of Richman Investments one of the benefits of the system is that it attempts to facilitate the kind of candour and informal discussion that traditionally one only finds at in-person meetings.It is loosely presumed that Users will conduct themselves in a professional look nevertheless, as membership and participation grow, it is important to divulgeline a formal pack for conduct for this new powerful communication tool. Participation in Richman Investments is power point upon acceptance of this Acceptable Use Policy. This Policy outlines the terms a nd conditions for use of the Richman Investments Areas cover include who is authorized to use Richman Investments rules for online behaviour, and guidelines for the handling of secure and copy indemnify-saved materials.Richman Investments reserves the objurgate to block or limit admittance to content deemed to be harmful, offensive, or otherwise in violation of this Acceptable Use Policy. Furthermore, Richman Investments reserves the right to monitor and to disclose each information as deemed necessary to take any law, to operate its services properly, or to protect itself or its Registered Users. classic Use The network is willd by Richman Investments for the benefit of Registered Users in accordance with duties as an employee of Richman Investments. Richman Investments may also extend a User ID to individuals with whom it has special working(a) relationship, such as a consultant. User IDs are not transferrable. They are intended for the exclusive use of the individual to wh om they are provided. Additional User IDs are available, upon pass along, from Richman Investments. The provision of User IDs to individual users is at the discretion of the Richman Investments, on the advice of the Sponsoring Organization. A User ID may be disabled due to a change in employment or committee membership status, upon the request of the Sponsoring Organization or for violation of the Acceptable Terms of Use.Confidentiality Information share and stored within Richman Investments it is considered to be an extension of the work conducted within the normal day-after-day workings of Richman Investments and Council International. It is subject to the same requirements for confidentiality as association work conducted done email, conference calls or in-person meetings. Copyright Registered Users of Richman Investments agree to abide by all applicable laws on the use of copy written materials.Accordingly, precaution should be paid to not post Copyright Protected hooey ma terial for which an organization has not consented to its widespread distribution in take other than its own. This includes, but is not limited to, the posting of entire media articles, or proprietary research. Items intended for redistribution, such as press releases or promotional materials, may be posted. It also is perfectly acceptable to quote portions of protected material, paraphrase the material and Hyperlink to the material in its original external location.Professional exact It is generally presumed that Users will conduct themselves in a professional manner nevertheless, the following actions constitute unacceptable use of Richman Investments * Violating any law of, or committing conduct that is tortuous or unlawful in, any applicable jurisdiction. * Displaying, performing, sending, receiving or storing any content that is obscene, pornographic, lewd, lascivious, or excessively violent, regardless of whether the material or its dissemination is unlawful. Advocating or e ncouraging violence against any government, organization, group, individual or property, or providing instruction, information, or assistance in causing or carrying out such violence. * industriously seeking to obtain illegitimate access to any part of Richman Investments network, service, or account or using Richman Investments to obtain unauthorized access to any network, service or account. * Interfering with service to any other Registered User, by use of any program, script, command, or otherwise. Introducing or spark any viruses, worms, harmful code and/or Trojan horses within Richman Investments * retention Richman Investments, its affiliates, officers, employees up to public scorn or ridicule. * Gambling Definitions (Type of company) Link confederation All content and Registered User information contained within the User ID controlled fields of Richman Investments. union or Sub- company The spaces within which content is organized, usually by subject area (Communities also contain Sub-Communities).Copyright Protected Material Material protected by applicable copyright laws, and for which an organization has not consented to its widespread distribution done external channels. Hyperlink Provide a hyperlink to a page or item located elsewhere within Richman Investments on an external Web site. Permissions The access rights provided to Registered Users to access particular Communities and Sub-Communities Restricted Community or Sub-Community A Community of Sub-Community for which access is restricted to a pre-defined group of Registered Users.Registered User (Active User, User) An individual with an Active User ID for Richman Investments (User IDs are not deleted from the system. They are either Active, meaning they provide access, or Disabled). User Presumed to be an Active User unless specifically referred to as a Disabled User User ID A username and tidings for Richman Investments (User IDs are not deleted from the system. It is either Active, meaning it allows access, or Disabled)

Book Report †Middle School Series Essay

Rafe Khatchadorian has enough issues around his family life, with verboten throwing his first twelvemonth of marrow work into the mix. Luckily, hes got an incredible plan for the best course ever, if only he throw out pull it off.With his best suspensor da Vinci the Silent awarding him points, Rafe tries to break every dominate in his domesticates Code of bear. Having gum in class scores him 5,000 points, rill through the h alone flairs, any(prenominal) other 10,000 points and pulling the fire alarm, 50,000 points But non everyone speak outs that Rafes game is a close idea, especi each(prenominal)y the teachers, parents and other scholarly somebodys at the school, so hell pass to decide if winning is all that matters, or if hes last(a)ly ready to face the rules, bullies, and truths hes been avoiding. http//www.jamespatterson.com/ retains_ pose take aim.php.UWY9FFdstN4 centre School the flog Years of My Life is written by pack Patterson and is a realistic fiction book that takes you through the journey of Rafes first year at middle school, dealing with the awkwardness of crushes, bullies, and family issues as he tries to break every rule in the schools Code of Conduct.The book features many different pictures that tell you whats release on as well, and is considered a graphic invigorated. midriff School the Worst Years of my Life received a critical acclaim from the nigh reviewers, it won the YALSA 2012s Top Ten Quick Picks for Reluctant materialisation Readers award and crowd together Patterson got nominated for the Childrens Book Councils occasion of the Year award. James has written well over 50 books, a lot of them being in series, and has won many awards. Middle School the Worst Years of My Life is the first book in the Middle School series. The setting of the Middle School series is in middle school. in that location is no specific day or term that this book is set in, other than it being during middle school. A lot of the time the rules that are tough are broken within the school timing, effective now at that place are one or two rules that generate broken knocked out(p) of school times. I think the setting has been chosen well, and taked it suit the book well. The novel scoop ups with Rafe entering sixth grade at Hills liquidation Middle School. Beginning the new school year with a negatively charged mindset means that Rafe scoop outs the year bored and takes that it was a prison Pilgrims binding then, further non too often has changed. Now its a prison for sixth, s fifty-fiftyth and eighth graders. Rafe quickly considers that he will be stuck in middle school for 3 years, and invents functioning R.A.F.E. with his best fri finis king of beastsnardo the Silent.The plan was to break every single rule in the schools handbook. He withal has to put up with the issues in his root word life. His florists chrysanthemum is al fashions working double shifts at a diner and neer suffers time with her children, Rafe, and Rafes younger sister, tabun. He has a verbally offensive stepfather (Bear) who looks afterwards him when his mother is a steering. thence, theres Jeanne Gal permitta, who Rafe is madly in whap with. Jeanne is a doubtful of Rafes plan and wishes he would sp windup more than than time on school work then his games. Operation R.A.F.Es consequences consists of many detentions with his position teacher, Ms. Donatello.This creates tension between Rafes family, and after having a fight with Bear about king of beastsnardo and how he is a freehanded influence on Rafe, we gain vigor that Leonardo is Rafes imaginary friend. Rafes actions last lead to bad grades, getting himself suspended, and then forced to be tutored by Jeanne, whom he had been nerve-wracking to avoid because she doesnt kindred him. date the tension in the family gets stronger, Bear throws Rafes mother to the ground and moves out, Rafe gets expelled for dot graffiti on the school wa lls, but Ms. Donatello sees the voltage artist within him and comes up with the idea to send him to art school. The final part of the book reveals that Leonardo is Rafes dead twin brother. An assortmentle part of the novel is when Rafe graffitis the school wall at four in the aurora.The next morning, I re of importing a brand for Mom saying that I had to go to school extra earlier to work on a project, which was basically true. I just left out the part about how early meant four in the morning and project meant highly illegal activity. Youre not termination to tribulation this, Leo kept telling me. The way he saw it, the livelong point of Operation R.A.F.E. was about breaking rules, so why should I permit a belittled thing exchangeable losing the game obstruction me from doing the part Id been looking forward to the most? equivalent I said before geniusI unpacked my new compressed black marker, a bombastic old camping flashlight, and some of my current practice sk etches. Id drawn these ones on graph paper, which is kind of a standardised a brick wall, to show me how big everything would need to be. But Leo was tone impatient, You dont need those anymore, he said.The clocks ticking. Stop thinking so often and just go. So I did. I set up the flashlight on a sway so that it was shining right at the wall. Then I picked up my marker and started. It was king of slow-moving at the beginning. I wasnt accepted what to draw first, or what order to do things in. But the more I kept going, the more I got into it, and then someplace along the way everything started to flow.After a time I was raceway around analogous crazy, working over here, working over there and getting up on an old trash can to reach the higher part when I needed to. The whole thing started to get so big that I felt like I was inside it, crimson while I was still drawing. It was like Leo had said I wasnt thinking anymore.I was just doing it, like the marker was just anothe r part of me, and the lines and shapes and pictures were coming right out of my hand. After a while, the police force show up, and are surprised that a kid had done all that work, but then again, it was illegal, so into the cop car went Rafe and Leo. I like this part of the novel because I felt as if I was in the actual scene. It was as if I was Leo and I was scared wed get caught. This scene, although its short, it was intense. You didnt want Rafe to get caught, but you cherished to know what would harbor happened when he got caught. I just believe that the way this chapter/scene has been written builds it believable and take a shits you get hold like youre there.The bearing of this novel is average pace. The novel begins out very slowly, and it doesnt subscribe to much meaning, but once the novel gets a fair way into it, the drama begins, and the pace slowly picks up. At the end of the novel, things get more intense and more happens in a shorter amount of time, and by the end of the novel, so much has happened, that it takes a while to comprehend what has happened, but you absorb that James wrote it that way for a reason, and to me, that reason was so that he could have a short book, that had a lot in it, and might unconstipatedtually be able to make a movie, much like the daybook of a Wimpy Kid movies.The Worst Years of my Life uses a lot of slang humour, but not so much that its over powering, its just enough that it creates the characteristics of the book. A genre is the class of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. There are several genres the feature in this novel, some more than others. The genres that feature heavily in Middle School the Worst Years of My Life are prankHumourDramaThe genre that is featured in the book, but not as heavily is romance. Have you ever had a crush on someone and had them not like you lynchpin? Romanceis a timbering of excitement and mystery associated with love. Rafe Khatchadorian discovers his feelings for Jeanne Galletta on one of his first days at school. They were all sitting in the school gym and she was one of the candidates for the student council representatives and part way through or speech, she offers to buy Rafe fries later on that day, and thats when he knew he liked her.Towards the end of the novel, Rafes grades start to go downhill and the school as well as his mammary gland think its a good idea to get some extra help. Little did Rafe know that his dream girl Jeanne was going to be his tutor. up to now though Rafe is a teenage boy who likes girls, middle school would not be any good without a sense of predilection or a comedian mixed into the scene. The biggest class clown in the school is here, and his name? Rafe Khatchadorian. A class clown is the funniest person in the class who often gets in trouble. Rafes first year at middle school is spent trouble make and trying to make people laugh , but not everyone thinks that his plan to break every rule in the Code of Conduct. milling machine the sea wolf was the school bully, and his new work is Rafe.Throughout Rafes middle school year, he comes into conflict with milling machine many times. The biggest thing that happens to Rafe because of Miller the Killer is when he discovers Rafes notebook with all the Operation R.A.F.E. (Rules Arent For Everyone) and makes Rafe buy each page back off of him for a dollar a page, but Rafe discovers Millers plan with the notebook early on, and it isnt pretty. Miller the Killer enjoys making Rafes first year at middle school hell, but Rafe enjoys the humorous side of school. School is tough on everyone, so whats the best way to get through? Have fun And thats what Rafe intends to do by breaking all the rules in the Code of Conduct and earning himself points.The catch is, he only gets given three lives, and if he breaks all three, the games over. All the seriousness aside, Rafe gives h imself, and Leo a good laugh. The funniest scene in the book to me was when Rafe decides to break the schools dress code, and he was given the best peril to do this with Halloween just around the corner. Leo knew that it would only be a matter of time before Rafe was caught by a teacher, so Leo was giving him 10,000 points for every 50 yards of the school he covered in his costume. Rafe ran, as fast as he could in all black, with a pocket full of Cheerios as throwing stars, and nunchucks made from paper towel roles with lap knotted at either end. Yep, you guessed it. Rafe was a ninja.I came tearing out of that bathroom at full speed and just kept running through the first floor (10,000), up the stairs (10,000), down the endorsement floor hall past all the lockers (10,000), throwing Cheerios and swinging my nunchucks like crazy. sound before he got caught, Miller the Killer was right in his aim. I made sure my mask was pulled down tight over my face. Then I took a big windup as I went by, and beaned him spinning top the head with one of the chucks (10,000). What the ? Miller turned the wrong way, just as I passed him. By the time hed figured out where I came from and where I was headed, Id already left him in the dust. He was twice as big as me, but I was twice as fast. Eat it, Miller And then it happened. Caught right in the act. Yep, a teacher saw him Well, he ran into the teacher. Games over Rafe. And then splam I ran right into Mrs. Stricker. Literally. Lets just say, she wasnt in the biliousness for wrestling.But Rafe had another plan and it was going to earn him double points. I went into the bathroom and came out a minute later without my ninja costume, running just as fast as before. Some kids got out of my way. Some even ran in the other direction. A few of the girls screamed when I cam2 through, but I dont think they meant it. And a few people even yelled stuff like Go, Rafe, go and Dont let em get you Because, like I said, I wasnt wearing my ninja costume anymore. In fact, I wasnt wearing much of anything at all. No, he wasnt naked, but he wasnt wearing much Just sneakers, a pair of boxers, and a big old smile. Boy, did Rafe get in big trouble for that, but on the other hand, he did earn himself a lot of points Rafe loves making people laugh, and I believe that the reason he does it isnt for other people, but he does it to make himself feel good. I believe that the main theme in this novel is coming of age and growing up into a better person in a way.To me, I think this means that by victimisation the resources that are around you (family, friends etc.) to become the person you are supposed to be. For Rafe, this is trying to get over his prank, anomalous, humorous coif, and into the more serious schooling stage. This can be hard for some people, especially when they dont get along with their family, and when their only friend is in their imagination, but by the end of the book, Rafe has realised that even though he isnt academically smart, he does have a gift with art, which sees him going to art school. Love is also in the novel, as Rafe discovers Jeanne Galletta, but it doesnt impact on the drool as much as growing up does. The main characters in the book areRafael (Rafe) Khatchadorian Rafe is the trouble maker in the story who is in his first year at Hills Village Middle School. Rafe is important because without him, there is no story. I like this character because he makes the book fun. Even though he isnt an actual person, this character has a funny personality and a childish sense of humour.I believe that James Patterson has described this character well. Georgia Khatchadorian Georgia is Rafes annoying little sister who likes to be in everyones business and know whats going on in Rafes life, especially when he is in trouble. She is also the family tattletale and ever so dobs Rafe in when she catches him doing something wrong. Even though Georgia annoys Rafe a lot, he also protects he r, which is like all siblings love- detest relationships. I like her because I think I can relate to her because I am the younger sister in my family, and I like to annoy my senior brother, but I also know that he will always be there for me. I think that Georgia is a main character in this story because she is a part of Rafes home issues because she never leaves him alone and always wants to know whats going on in his life.Carl AKA Bear Bear is Georgia and Rafes, abusive, rude, obese stepdad who can be found on the couch. Bear is often yelling at Rafe after school. He also argues with Mrs. Khatchadorian, Rafe and Georgias mum, and one argument let Bear to accidently push her down the front steps, and when the police show up, it doesnt look good for Carl. I dont like him at all Hes so rude and obnoxious, and I would hate to have a step parent as bad as him. Leonardo (Leo) the Silent Leo is Rafes best friend, who we later discover is in his imagination. We also later set out out that Leo was Rafes twin brother who died when he was still a baby. I think that Leo is the glue that holds everything together.He helps Rafe with school, with home, and he gives him the motivation to keep going when things get tough. I really like Leo the Silent because even though he isnt real, he is the perfect best friend. Jeanne (Jay-Gee) Galletta Jeanne is Rafes crush. He is madly in love with her, but she is also the goody-two-shoes of the school, and she hates Operation R.A.F.E. I like her but I dont. I feel like she tries too hard to be a good student, and doesnt give herself enough freedom, which is why I dont like her. I think that being a teenager, or getting to that stage means that you can manage school and social life, and to me, its like she has no social life. Shes important in the story because as we get older, we start to see people in different ways, and we start to like them, and I believe that Jeanne is important because without her, its not a real adolescents life. Ms. Donatello AKA the Dragon Lady Ms. Donatello is Rafes English teacher, as well as his detention buddy.Even though she is harsh and can get aggravated easily, she also has Rafes best occupy at heart and wouldnt help him if she didnt believe he was better than what he shows. I like her because I have had masses of teachers that are hard on me, but they do it because they want whats best, and without that push, we wouldnt grow and evolve as people. I understand why Rafe doesnt particular like her, but teachers always want whats best, and he will eventually see that. Miller AKA Miller the Killer Miller is the school bully, hence the name Miller the Killer. He is eer giving Rafe a hard time throughout his first year at middle school, and without the school bully, school wouldnt be school. There is always that one person that puts people down to make themselves feel good, although not a lot of bullies take kids lunch money, but attenuate them mentally, or even physically. I dont like Miller because I believe that he hurts people because he can and he needs to get disciplined.Without Miller, or a bully in the book, it wouldnt be like school life, so I can understand why James Patterson included him in it. Im not much of a reader, but I really enjoyed this book, and I found it easy to understand and comprehend because of the little sketches throughout the book. This book is much like the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series, and I believe it is aimed at the same kind of age group. I think that I was too old to read this novel, but I didnt find it so easy that I could just read it in a day, but not hard enough that it took me forever to read. It was a good balance, so I would suggest it for kids 13 years old and younger, somewhere between 9 and 13. To be honest, it was a good book, but it could have been made longer so not everything happened at once towards the end. In general, it was a good read, and I would recommend it to younger kids who enjoy having a goo d laugh and getting into trouble.

Recruitment, Selection, Performance Appraisal Essay

RecruitmentFinding the right people for the business line is unitary contend all managers and judicatures sh atomic number 18. While managers may ease up the big businessman to redesign or adjust dividing lines to fit the in stock(predicate) people, the usual challenge is the reverse. Thus, a first important step in the call forthment, survival, and placement offshoot is undertaking a job analysis. This helps fancy you hit the hay what the employee must know and do (job requirements) and under what circumstances. in that location atomic number 18 several(prenominal) common mistakes one brush aside make in the recruitment phase, including Restricting the pool of answer beddidates by victimization a poor search strategy and/or approach. An example is exclusive corporate trust on either internal or external recruitment no matter the position or available candidates. Another is pass outing to include a full(a) array of sources to ensure a strong talent pool.Writing a position translation that does not match the job. This clears most frequently when there has been no wide-awake analysis of the job and/or when there is no second take aim fall over of the analysis to help ensure accuracy. Writing position postings/advertisements that are overly broad or are inappropriately restrictive. An example is when everything in a posting is preferred or everything is unavoidable. For those who are hiring managers the issue of whether to recruit/promote from within (internal recruiting) pull up stakes likely be a well- cognise(prenominal) one. There are many advantages, including development of career ladders that help with employee retention. only when put, a career ladder is one that purposes and enables advancement up the levels of an nerve. midland recruiting can also help governances preserve and protect tiny knowledge, values, and practices. Transitions can be smoother, with less negative impact on productivity.Look much(prenominal) recruitment and cream surgery essay mavin thing organizations can and should do when wishing to leverage internal talent is to inventory the knowledge, skills, experiences, interests, and abilities of their employees. When the organization has the needed financial and technology resources, these can captured electronically in a knowledge management or military personnel resource cultivation establishment (HRIS). Performance appraisals, when done well, can also prove rich and utilizable sources of information about(predicate) employeeinterests and potence. An exclusive reliance on internal recruiting has its potential disadvantages. One is that there may be no one in the organization who has the knowledge and skills for either new initiatives or those where there is no room for down succession or training. Another is that it may be rugged for the organization to refresh its talent pool and learn by recruiting those with diverse knowledge, experiences, abilities, and perspectiv es. optionSelecting the best candidate for a position is twain a critical management function and one that can be difficult. It is efficacious to draw by recognizing that there is no failsafe method of ensuring the right choice is made. Mistakes run regularly and the consequences for all parties can be enormous. As Bohlander & Snell (2009, p. 254) report the median(a) cost of a mismatch has been estimated at anywhere from $20,000 to $100,000 for intermediate and elderly positions. This is just the financial cost and does not consider the frequent randy and even physical distress bad hiring decisions can contrive on the candidate, other employees, an organization and managers reputation, and beyond. As discussed in the dent above, an important first step is to conduct a careful job analysis that provides as much information about what knowledge, skills, abilities, experiences, preferences, etc. will lead to success.Ensuring a good match between important organisational and candidate values is also a critical and sometimes forget factor. To illustrate this point, it is useful to envisage a candidate who is seeking an improve quality and balance in his/her personal life walking into an organization with Whatever it takes posted strategically on the potential supervisors door. Cascio (2010) offers a good summary and discussion of the importance of ensuring reliability and daring of the information obtained during the selection and staffing process (see Chapter 7). The goal is to work to ensure operate and consistent judgments/results no matter the people, time, and/or tools used in the selection process. The risk in failing to attend to these concerns is not only a poor selection decision but also a come-at-able legal challenge. You will nonplus the overview on staffing and selection methods (Cascio, Chapter 7) and tools interesting and useful when preparing your week 5 assignment.Those who work for small firms might be surprise by thearray of tool s and tests in current use. Some, like graphology (Cascio, p. 247), are not generally accepted by U.S. academic experts and others present sufficient problems (eg., polygraphs) they are either not used widely or are not viewed as reliable sources of information (eg., reference checks). Interviews remain an important selection method, with those that use a structured process viewed as most legal and appropriate. Those wanting a smile during your research and writing process should take aim the Top Five Biggest Mistakes Candidates Make During Job Interviews. And, of course, everyone will want to be sure to avoid illegal questions when conducting employment interviews. This resource serves as a useful reminder of what to avoid http//employment.findlaw.com/employment/employment-employee-hiring/employment-employee-hiring-overview.htmlEmployee Performance Appraisal that these words can send a shiver down more if not most peoples spines Even in new organizations with well trained and r esourced managers, it is safe to say that a large share do not like this part of their job and/or scent they do it poorly (on this, see Cascio citing Grensing-Pophal (2001) and Sandberg (2007)). One sad thing about this is that assessment and feedback are so important for improved cognitive process and, ultimately, for creating a workplace where people want to be. Another is that so much is known about what to do and to avoid but this information does not count to have found its way in a governanceatic or consumable format into the hands of practicing managers. Cascio provides a summary of what is known from the ruminate of this subject and you can find much more in professed(prenominal) and scholarly management journals in the UMUC electronic databases. Of the numerous things to remember when evaluating the surgery of an employee, three are critically important Evaluate only what is required to do the jobEnsure the employee has a written copy of expectations and standards at the beginning of the period when cognitive operation will be reviewed intent plain and measurable standards rely on evidence-based assessment AND maintain records ( inscription document document) (Bohlander & Snell, 2010, p.369). Time is a frequent enemy of effective carrying out appraisals. There never seems to be enough of it to plan, prepare, meet, review, write, discuss, and follow up. Thus, it is common to cut corners. An example is waiting until the end of an military rating cycle to discuss performance for the spotless year. Sometimes that discussion never even happens and the entire process is handled as a paper/e-mail transaction. Imagine the message this sends to employees about their coitus importance to the organization Yet most of us who have been managers have probably both had this done to us and do it to others.Also much related to time shortages, managers and employees find themselves at the end of a review cycle with no concrete documentation to support their views. The potential for reliance on recent or certain events is great in such circumstances and this can result in unfair and/or unjust reviews. Avoiding behavior is also quite common. Surprises are the consequence. Conflict, whether direct or indirect, is likely. A recommended standard is that there should be no surprises in a performance review discussion or document. Sometimes, this happens when those being evaluated are not good listeners but in many more cases, managers have not invested the time needed to plan for and then draw expectations or provide well-timed(a) feedback. Depending upon the method and process used, concerns about ensuring fairness and equity can devolve and can serve as constraints on a good evaluation process and outcome.Imposed rating quotas and caps can cause this to happen, especially when they are either not known or are announced at the end of an evaluation period. As you systematically and critically analyze your performance assessment sy stems this week, you will find it useful to review carefully the information Cascio and other sources you find provide, being sure to objectively consider both strengths and possible limitations of the available alternatives. As you will see, there are no prescribed rules about who should be involved in the evaluation process and there is no single method that works for all organizations. the great unwashed a great deal think a 360-degree appraisal is optimal. If the organization and people are well prepared such a system can be great. If not, it can be, and often has been, a disaster. Speaking of which, there are numerous sources of potential error when conducting an appraisal. Cascio discusses some of them (halo error, contrast error, recency error) (pp. 356 357).If you have worked for a while indifferent organizations it is quite likely you will have observed some of these in practice. They are both common and often difficult to avoid. Training, increased awareness, and self-ma nagement are important in avoiding and/or bound the possible negative consequences of these rating errors. As Cascio writes, performance appraisal systems must have these characteristics relevance, sensitivity, and reliability and SHOULD also be acceptable and practical (p. 335). A review of this discussion is strongly recommended. In my experience many systems fail on all counts.People are evaluated on factors not instantaneously relevant to their success or that of the organization. It is difficult to differentiate between and among employees using the system and as a result everyone gets rated about the same(p). Different raters evaluating the same person and behavior arrive at different conclusions and the view of those more senior often prevails. Managers dont really accept the system. And, finally, the system is so onerous everyone waits until the last possible minute to do this task hoping it will somehow make it more bearable. The three major types of performance assessm ent used in most organizations are those that focus on the following factors a) Individual characteristics or traitsb) Behaviorsc) ResultsAs Cascio explains, there are several methods that organizations and their managers use. You should discover the one that is the closest fit to the method used in your own organization. It is important to recognize that to each one method has advantages and disadvantages. While organizations may design and employ a hybrid, it is likely behaviors or results will be relatively more important when evaluating performance and determining consequences. It is common to escort arguments in favor of a results-based approach. There are, however, some essential preconditions for this to work. One is an understanding that this does not mean results at any cost. Another is to find a way to recognize those who may have a difficult time demonstrating how what they do on a daily basis contributes at one time to organizational goals.This concern applies especia lly to those at lower levels in an organizational hierarchy. To summarize, designing and conducting effective performance appraisals is something all managers have to do, whether using aformal or informal method. There are available alternatives and each has its pros and cons. The secrets to success are relatively simple Begin by establishing a common understanding of what is required to do the job. Establish and carefully communicate expectations and standards for performance. Set performance goals and milestones and monitor and discuss progress throughout the year. oblige good records.Avoid surprises. Set aside sufficient time to plan and focus on each employee when meeting to discuss performance. Treat employees with lever and remember to engage them in the process and recognize both accomplishments and areas needing improvement. Use appraisal as an opportunity to examine and explore opportunities for future process and development. In other words, focus primarily on what will happen rather than what has happened. For those who are interested, this is a video that demonstrates what NOT to do during a performance review meeting http//polaris.umuc.edu/cvu/amba602/home.html And here is one of several examples from the weave of a well organized and implemented appraisal meeting ________________________________________ReferencesBohlander, G., & Snell, S. ( 2010). Managing human resources. Mason, OH South-Western Cengage Learning. Cascio, W. (2010). Managing human resources Productivity, quality of work life, profits. NY McGraw-Hill Irwin. Written by Christina A. Hannah, Ph.D.

Michelle Bachelet

Michelle Bachelet (Veronica Michelle Bachelet Jeria) is a current Executive President of the Republic of Chile, a pacific coastal country in Southern America. Bachelet was nominated in 2004 as a left-centrist candidate for g all overnment activity and won the election runoff in January 2006 gaining 53.5% of the votes and becoming the first female soul President of the country. Moreover, she is the first Chilean female political personality of high importance who established her political biography and managed to advance in governance using no help and connections of her conserve or male protectionist.Bachelet was born on September 29, 1951, in Santiago, to a family of Chilean Air Force Brigade General Alberto Bachelet. Her childhood was adept of constant traveling from one military camp to another, and her first interests include volleyball, theater and music. aft(prenominal) finishing high school in 1970, she entered a medical college of the University of Chile with one of t he best study enrollment rise result. From he own words, she decided to dedicate her life to medicine because it was a concrete way of helping people cope with pain.. and ..a way to stick out to improve health in Chile (The Andean World, n.d.).In 1973, when Augusto Pinochet seized the reins of power, Alberto Bachelet was checkered and charged for treason. After several months of torture he died of a stroke. This tragedy was followed by arrest and deportation of Michelle and her mother, so they spent several years in Australia and eastside Ger many another(prenominal), where Bachelet continued her education and worked in a communal clinic. In 1979 the Bachelets stock permission to be back to Chile, where three years later Michelle genuine an M.D. and continued her social activities as a member of Chilean collectivized Party, promoting the ideals of democracy and social equality.Her political career started in the mid-1990s when she entered the ballot for the spike of Las Cond es Administration. In 2000 Bachelet was appointed Minister of Health as a person with high competence in military medicine and a cheeseparing experience of work in such organizations as the National support Commission and the National Health Service. Her adult reforms did not receive a lot of support from the Ministry officials. That is why Bachelet attempted a resignation which was, however, jilted by the President. Soon, she became a Minister of Defense, the only female in the guileless to hold this administrative position.Her presidential campaign started in October 2004 and she had to face a former Senator and member of Chilean center-right party Sebastian Pinera as the main rival. In the first round Bachelet could not obtain the majority of the votes, receiving only 46%. Nevertheless, the runoff against Pinera proved to be more successful, and in March 2006 Michelle Bachelet entered the authorization as the first female President of Chile, bringing along many new politici ans (including a lot of women) as the members of her Cabinet.The first year of her presidency was marked by a number of determined political steps, liberal democratic reformations and scandalous dismissals of some of her Ministers. In particular, she had to fight with very deep-rooted corruption which was spread throughout the countrys administration system. Besides, Bachelets recent decree allowing selling morning after pill over the counter to the girls over 14 evoked a wave of national criticism and disagreement. Currently, she is facing another problem the necessity to improve Chilean transportation system according to the project called Transantiago.Nevertheless, she tries to keep her popularity high by organizing and participating in numerous governmental health care programs. In addition, Bachelet is a very active player in foreign politics and her major accomplishments are a number of treaties with developed Asian countries, establishing the Trans-Pacific strategic Economic Partnership. Her main personal values are duty and responsibility. exsert year Forbes ranked Michelle Bachelet as the 17th of the worlds vitamin C most successful women, and her reaction on this recognition of her efforts was the following This is not a ranking that motivates me. What motivates me is working for a better Chile, (Chile General regime Secretariat, 2006).ReferencesMichelle Bachelet Jeria. (2006, March 17). Chile General Government Secretariat. Retrieved February 7, 2008 Unofficial Biography of Michelle Bachelet. (n.d.). The Andean World. Retrieved February 7, 2008, from .

A paragraph on APA citation Racism in Middle East Essay

Racism is one of the biggest challenges for great deal living in shopping centre eastern United States. It exists between domestic citizens and foreigners, across the ethnic groups and religions. Although religion could be the only way to integrate people, it has not been possible and instead it forms occasion of racialism. Akbaba (2009 p. 324) argued that, the deliberate and selective restrictions on religious minority groups may fort the ethnoreligious identity of those groups. Racism is the main cause conflicts and wars among communities thus hindering it socioeconomic progress and as a result, the society lives in poverty. According to Ahmed, Nicolson, & Spencer, (2000) racism hinders populations from getting education and advancing their career thus their literacy progress world hindered. Therefore, it is important to find ascendent in the region so that people could assume their socioeconomic roles to improve their lives. However, this has not been an easy task to Mi ddle East. Poor governance and political interference had led to worsening of the property through trying to get solution through force by police officers and other authorities rather than solving it. The executive and legislative measures that have followed these initiatives have included mass arrests, secret and indefinite detentions, elongated detention of material witnesses, closed hearings and use of secret evidence, government eavesdropping on attorney-client conversations, FBI home and work visits, wiretapping, seizures of property, removals of aliens with technical visa violations, and mandatory special registration, (Semati, 2010 p. 265). want of racism solution in Middle East can be attributed to selfish leaders who would like to remain in power for long-run time and ignorant citizens who are not concerned about their evolution of the region. According to Ahmed et al, (2000) people in Bangladesh are aware of racism and its set up but have no time to solve the issues. A solution to racism can be found through courageous leaders who are informed and are concerned with the future of Middle East (Cohen-Almagor, 2013 Karsh, 2012 Baumann, 2013).ReferencesAhmed, B., Nicolson, P., & Spencer, C. (2000). The social construction of racism the case of second generation Bangladeshis. journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 10(1), 41-46.Akbaba, Y. (2009). Who discriminates more? comparing religious inconsistency in Western democracies, Asia and the Middle East. Civil Wars, 11(3), 321-358Baumann,, L. (2013). The impact of national horticulture on project management in the Middle East. Lars Baumann, Cohen-Almagor, R. (2013).The failed peace adjoin in the Middle East 1993-2010. Israel Affairs. N.p Karsh, E. (2012). The Middle Easts actually apartheid. Journal for The Study of Antisemitism, p. 38.Semati, M. (2010). Islamophobia, culture and race in the age of empire. ethnical Studies, 24(2), 256-275.Source document

Determination of the amount of dissolved oxygen Essay

Topic aim of the amount of fade away atomic number 8 in a water model by iodometry-the winklers method.Objective To determine the amount of fade out oxygen in a water sample by iodometry- the winklers method. tool volumetric pipette, 3 conical flask, burette, burette clamp, Pasteur pipette, reagent bottle, conical flask stopper, retord stand, fresh tile Materials 2 ml atomic number 25 sulphate closure, 2 ml alkaline-iodine solution, 0.025M sodium thiosulphate solution, 2ml assiduity sulphuric acid, starch solutionProcedure1. When consume water, care must be taken to ensure that a pricey representative sample of the water to be analyzed is obtained. For most purposes, this includes maintenance to fade out gases. Therefore, the water sample should be taken in a clean bottle which must be filled to overflowing and tightly sealed with stopper without introduction of note. If the water is sampled from a court, it must be allowed to run for at least 5 minutes prior to sa mpling. For this purpose, you may collect the water into a 1 L reagent bottle fitted with a stopper. 2. The stopper is removed carefully from the conical flask and 2 mL of the manganese sulfate solution is added, discharging the reagent from the tip of a pipette sick well infra the water surface. Stopper is replaced.3. Similarly, 2 mL of the alkaline-iodide solution is introduced. 4. The stopper is placed in the bottle, be sure that no air becomes entrapped. Some overflow may occur. The content is mixed thoroughly by inversion and rotation. Manganese hydroxide is effectuated and will settled on standing. 5. When the precipitate has settled, 2 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid is introduced with the tip of the pipette well below the surface of the solution. 6. The stopper is replaced and mixed until the precipitate dissolves completely. The dissolved oxygen now liberates free iodine from the potassium iodide present. 7. Pipette cc mL of the acidified sample into a 500 mL conical f lask and titrate with 0.025 M sodium thiosulphate until the solution becomes pale yellow. 8. Add a few drops of starch indicator and continue the titration to the disappearance of gloomy color.(If the blue color doesnt appear after adding starch, repeat the titration and adding starch to begin with start of titration)9. Repeat the titration twice.Treatment of dataTitration number 1 2 3 Final volume (cm3) 18.0025.5018.50Initial volume (cm3) 10.0018.0025.50Volume employ (cm3) 8.007.507.00Average volume of titrant required for titration = 7.50 cm3 CalculationConcentration (ppm) of dissolved oxygen in the water sample. Mol of S2O3 2- used=0.0001875molMol of S2O3 2- =0.000046875molMass of O2=0.0000468752(15.999)=1.4999mg1000ml of tap water=7.5mg O2Concentration of DO in water sample=7.3mg/LDiscussionThe Winkler test is used to determine the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water samples. Dissolved oxygen (D.O.) is widely used in water quality studies and routine operation of water reclamation facilities. An dissipation of manganese (II) salt, iodide (I) and hydroxide (OH) ions is added to a water sample causing a white precipitate of Mn(OH)2 to form. This precipitate is then oxidized by the dissolved oxygen in the water sample into a brownish manganese precipitate. In the next step, a strong acid is added to acidify the solution. The brown precipitate then converts the iodide ion (I) to iodine. The amount of dissolved oxygen is directly relative to the titration of iodine with a thiosulfate solution. Iodemetry reacts directly, fast and quantitively with many organic and inorganic substances.Because of its comparatively low, pH independent redox potential and reversibility of the iodide/iodine reaction, iodometry can be used both to determine amount of reducing agents and of oxidizing agent. In my jump titration, initial reading is 10.00 and final reading is 18.00. The titrants used is 8.00. In my hour titration, initial reading is18.00 and final reading is 25.50. The titrants used is 7.50. In my troika titration, my initial reading is25.50 and my final reading is 18.50. The titrant used is7.00. Adequate dissolved oxygen is necessity for good water quality. oxygen is a necessary element to all forms of tone. Natural stream purification processes require suitable oxygen level in order to provide for aerobic life form. As dissolved oxygen levels in water drop below 5.0mg/L, aquatic life is put under stress. The lower the concentration, the greater the stress. Oxygen levels that remain below 1-2mg/L for a few hours can effect in large fish kills. Total dissolved gas concentration in water should not exceed 110 percent. Concentration above this levels can be harmful to aquatic life. Conclusion The concentration of DO in tap water is 7.5ppm.

Healthcare Ecosystems

LTT1 wellness make do Ecosystems The profession of wellness discipline science is a relatively new integrity, commix the use of technologies with collecting, organizing, storing, using, and evaluating wellness tuition. Technology give the gate assist health accusation workers on every clinical and administrative train to use development more than effectively in clinical decision-making for longanimouss, and in implementing strategic goals within an organization. couple Your Understanding 2. 1 Instructions On a separate slash of paper, write down the word or term that correctly completes to each one of the sentences. . The antediluvian ___ developed surgical procedures, document clinical cases, and created medical examination books. a. Egyptians b. Greeks c. Phoenicians d. Chinese 2. The ___ was established in 1847 to represent the interests of physicians crossways the get together States. a. b. c. d. American connector of medical checkup Colleges American Colleg e of Surgeons Committee on Medical Education American Medical Association 3. Today, medical check students must pass a test before they can predominate a ___ to practice medicine. a. gradation b. residency c. specialty d. license 4.The kickoff general training trail for ___ was opened at the New England infirmary for Women and Children in 1872. a. suck ups b. physician assistants c. surgical specialists d. surgeons 5. Modern ___ must have all a two-year accessorys degree or a four- year bachelors degree from a state-approved breast feeding school. a. nurse practitioners b. licenced vocational nurses c. registered nurses d. licensed practical nurses 6. In 1910, Dr. Franklin H. Martin suggested that the surgical subject field of medical practice need to become more concerned with ___. a. b. c. d. atient c atomic number 18 professional standards patient revealcomes nonsurgical medical care 7. Adoption of the tokenish Standards marked the beginning of the upstart ___ proc ess for health care organizations. a. accreditation b. licensing c. reform d. educational 8. According to the AMAs definition, ___ incorporates the healthcare- relate professions that function to assist, facilitate, and complement the work of physicians and opposite clinical specialists. a. home health b. nursing care c. ambulatory care d. allied health Which ancient civilization developed surgical procedures, record clinical cases, and created medical books?Greeks lay Which organization was established in the mid(prenominal) 1800s, to represent the interests of physicians in the United States? American Medical Association tame What organization is the largest standard cathode-ray oscilloscope body in the world? control stick Commission sort out This code required hospitals to conduct continued-stay review for Medicare and Medicaid patients. manipulation Review ACt localize This geek of hospital specializes in providing yardbird care to individuals with mental and deve lopmental orders. Psychiatric declineFor-profit hospitals use their surplusage funds to improve their service and fund community function. False cook up At a hospital or large healthcare facility, this meeting will select pendent administrators to manage the organization. Board of Directors tame Which one of the adjacent is considered a cut off of administrative support services? compassionate Resources worsen Low slide fastener laser, electric stimulation, ultrasound, biofeed acantha and aquatics treatment are utilize by which of the following allied health professionals? Physical therapy mendIn which ten dollar bill was magnetised resonance imaging first introduced in healthcare? 1980s fall off This typeface of statement from an organization expresses intentions, philosophy, and organizational self-image. raft statement level An sceptred staff member has the ability to stir the work environment when some(a) part of it interferes with the organizational mission even off Leaders in todays healthcare organizations may reinforce organizational make up ones mind by doing which one of the following comprehend to the staff improve What is a 360 review? A performance military rank in which peers and colleagues participate crystalliseOf these functions that sustain operational infrastructure, where would health informatics best fit? companionship Management Correct In the healthcare organization, operating units are knowing around patient-focused care for related unsoundness multitudes and medical specialties. This is known as Service Lines Correct In 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid go changed its salary regulations to eliminate reconcilement for hospital-acquired complications. True Correct The largest single group of healthcare organizations are crafty Care Hospitals CorrectWhich of the following is a system that deliberately monitors the capacious term relationship between stakeholders of a healthcare organization, and responds to changing unavoidably? Strategic Correct In what decade was the MRI first introduced? 1980s Correct Which standard addresses disclosure of health information? Protecting Privacy of Health entropy Correct Which standard addresses the knowledgeable destruction of health information? bail and Integrity of Information Correct Which standard addresses the monitoring of terminologies used in health information? entreaty of health informationCorrect Which standard addresses un formulatened interruptions of electronic health record systems? pertinacity of information Correct Which standard asks for rise that there are back up systems in the answer of interruptions to electronic information processes? Continuity of information Correct Which standard addresses fertilize of selective information and information within and out of the hospital? Information trouble planning Correct Which standard requires reason that health information is disseminated in a timely manner ? Receival and transmitting of health information CorrectWhich standard addresses acronyms, synonyms, and abbreviations for medication dosage? appealingness of health information Correct Which standard requests evidence of policy carrying out pertaining to health information concealment? Protecting Privacy of Health Information Correct Which standard requests evidence of policy implementation pertaining to unauthorized variety of health information? Security and Integrity of Information Correct This type of statement is sent to a patient it shows how much the provider billed, the standard of the Medicare reimbursement to the provider, and what the patient must pay to the provider.Medicare summary nonice Correct all(prenominal) of these items are packaged chthonian the Medicare outpatient prospective payment system, with the exception of one. Medical visits Correct Which one of these is non a government-sponsored healthcare political platform? blueweed Cross/Blue harbour Correct Which health insurance plan covers the survivors of military personnel who died in the line of duty? CHAMPVA Correct This command established an employees chastise to continue healthcare coverage beyond their scheduled termination date. COBRA Correct What is a MS-DRG grouper? A software program that assigns appropriate MS-DRGsCorrect One of these items is not incorporated in the formula for find out fee schedule. Post medical school degrees held by provider Correct Which uniform data set is used by skilled nursing facilities to gather standardized data? MDS Correct Which one of the following is not used when calculating for patient severity level, for prospective reimbursement of home health services? Financial Correct What form must be provided to a patient if there is a concern that Medicare will deny services because it feels the service may be medically unnecessary? ABN healthcare EcosystemsLTT1 Healthcare Ecosystems The profession of health informatics is a relativ ely new one, blending the use of technologies with collecting, organizing, storing, using, and evaluating health information. Technology can assist healthcare workers on every clinical and administrative level to use information more effectively in clinical decision-making for patients, and in implementing strategic goals within an organization. Check Your Understanding 2. 1 Instructions On a separate piece of paper, write down the word or term that correctly completes each of the sentences. . The ancient ___ developed surgical procedures, documented clinical cases, and created medical books. a. Egyptians b. Greeks c. Phoenicians d. Chinese 2. The ___ was established in 1847 to represent the interests of physicians across the United States. a. b. c. d. American Association of Medical Colleges American College of Surgeons Committee on Medical Education American Medical Association 3. Today, medical school students must pass a test before they can obtain a ___ to practice medicine. a. degree b. residency c. specialty d. license 4.The first general training school for ___ was opened at the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1872. a. nurses b. physician assistants c. surgical specialists d. surgeons 5. Modern ___ must have either a two-year associates degree or a four- year bachelors degree from a state-approved nursing school. a. nurse practitioners b. licensed vocational nurses c. registered nurses d. licensed practical nurses 6. In 1910, Dr. Franklin H. Martin suggested that the surgical area of medical practice needed to become more concerned with ___. a. b. c. d. atient care professional standards patient outcomes nonsurgical medical care 7. Adoption of the Minimum Standards marked the beginning of the modern ___ process for healthcare organizations. a. accreditation b. licensing c. reform d. educational 8. According to the AMAs definition, ___ incorporates the healthcare- related professions that function to assist, facilitate, and complement the work of physicians and other clinical specialists. a. home health b. nursing care c. ambulatory care d. allied health Which ancient civilization developed surgical procedures, documented clinical cases, and created medical books?Greeks Correct Which organization was established in the mid 1800s, to represent the interests of physicians in the United States? American Medical Association Correct What organization is the largest standard setting body in the world? Joint Commission Correct This legislation required hospitals to conduct continued-stay review for Medicare and Medicaid patients. Utilization Review ACt Correct This type of hospital specializes in providing inpatient care to individuals with mental and developmental orders. Psychiatric CorrectFor-profit hospitals use their excess funds to improve their services and fund community services. False Correct At a hospital or large healthcare facility, this group will select qualified administrators to manage the organization. Bo ard of Directors Correct Which one of the following is considered a part of administrative support services? Human Resources Correct Low energy laser, electric stimulation, ultrasound, biofeedback and aquatics treatment are used by which of the following allied health professionals? Physical therapy CorrectIn which decade was magnetic resonance imaging first introduced in healthcare? 1980s Correct This type of statement from an organization expresses intentions, philosophy, and organizational self-image. Vision statement Correct An empowered staff member has the ability to Change the work environment when some part of it interferes with the organizational mission Correct Leaders in todays healthcare organizations may reinforce organizational values by doing which one of the following Listen to the staff Correct What is a 360 review? A performance evaluation in which peers and colleagues participate CorrectOf these functions that sustain operational infrastructure, where would health informatics best fit? Knowledge Management Correct In the healthcare organization, operating units are designed around patient-focused care for related disease groups and medical specialties. This is known as Service Lines Correct In 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services changed its payment regulations to eliminate payment for hospital-acquired complications. True Correct The largest single group of healthcare organizations are Acute Care Hospitals CorrectWhich of the following is a system that deliberately monitors the long term relationship between stakeholders of a healthcare organization, and responds to changing needs? Strategic Correct In what decade was the MRI first introduced? 1980s Correct Which standard addresses disclosure of health information? Protecting Privacy of Health Information Correct Which standard addresses the intentional destruction of health information? Security and Integrity of Information Correct Which standard addresses the monitoring of terminologies used in health information? Collection of health informationCorrect Which standard addresses unwitting interruptions of electronic health record systems? Continuity of information Correct Which standard asks for evidence that there are back up systems in the event of interruptions to electronic information processes? Continuity of information Correct Which standard addresses flow of data and information within and out of the hospital? Information management planning Correct Which standard requires evidence that health information is disseminated in a timely manner? Receival and transmission of health information CorrectWhich standard addresses acronyms, synonyms, and abbreviations for medication dosage? Collection of health information Correct Which standard requests evidence of policy implementation pertaining to health information privacy? Protecting Privacy of Health Information Correct Which standard requests evidence of policy implementation pertaining to unautho rized alteration of health information? Security and Integrity of Information Correct This type of statement is sent to a patient it shows how much the provider billed, the amount of the Medicare reimbursement to the provider, and what the patient must pay to the provider.Medicare summary notice Correct All of these items are packaged under the Medicare outpatient prospective payment system, with the exception of one. Medical visits Correct Which one of these is not a government-sponsored healthcare program? Blue Cross/Blue Shield Correct Which health insurance plan covers the survivors of military personnel who died in the line of duty? CHAMPVA Correct This legislation established an employees right to continue healthcare coverage beyond their scheduled termination date. COBRA Correct What is a MS-DRG grouper? A software program that assigns appropriate MS-DRGsCorrect One of these items is not incorporated in the formula for determining fee schedule. Post medical school degrees hel d by provider Correct Which uniform data set is used by skilled nursing facilities to gather standardized data? MDS Correct Which one of the following is not used when calculating for patient severity level, for prospective reimbursement of home health services? Financial Correct What form must be provided to a patient if there is a concern that Medicare will deny services because it feels the service may be medically unnecessary? ABN

Metaphysics: Philosophy and Idealism Essay

Metaphysics is the branch of Philosophy that focuses on the reputation of graciousity, including abstract conceits such as being and issueing. The term liter solelyy means beyond the physical. It attempts to find concurrence across the do principal(prenominal)s of follow out and view. There ar five broad philosophic schools of thought that apply to education today and these general frame spurts provide the posterior from which the various educational philosophies argon derived. Idealism is the resume that ideas or thoughts project up fundamental earthly concern.Idealism is a label which covers a total of philosophical positions with quite different implications and tendencies, including 1. Objective noble-mindedness asserts that the sincere numberity of experiencing combines and transcends the reality of the object experienced and that of the mind of the observer. 2 Objective idealists accept putting green good sense realism and reject naturalism. In other words, accusing idealists accept the come across that material objects exist but reject the concept that the mind and natureual value wee emerged from material things. * Prop unrivallednts let in unbelieving Thomas Hill Green, Josiah Royce, and Benedetto Croce.2. Subjective Idealism light upons a relationship surrounded by experience and the field in which objects are no more than collections or bundles of sense data in the beholdr. 2 Subjective idealists assert both metaphysical and epistemological idealism while denying that material objects exist independently of human cognizance and thus are opposed to both realism and naturalism. * Prop angiotensin-converting enzyments let in Berkeley, the Bishop of Cloyne. 3. Transcendental idealism is a doctrine that maintains that the mind shapes the world we perceive into the form of station-and-time.2 Transcendental idealists are strong skeptics of a mind-independent world, asseverate epistemological and non metaphysical idealism. * Prop unmatchablents include founder, Immanuel Kant, Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Schelling. 4. Absolute idealism is the view that in order for human contend to be able to know the world at all, there must be, in some sense, an individualism of thought and being otherwise, we would never know any means of approaching to the world, and we would reach no certainty about any of our association. 6 * Proponents include founder, G. W. F. Hegel. As substantially as several more minor variants or related concepts, including 5.Epistemological Idealism asserts that minds perceive only their birth ideas, and non orthogonal objects so we washstandnot directly know things in themselves or things as they really are. The only thing we can ever have knowledge about is the world of phenomenal human experience which leaves no reason to suspect that reality mirrors our perceptions and thoughts. 6. Actual Idealism is a form of idealism that contrasted Transcendental Idealism and Ab solute Idealism. This system saw thought as all-embracing, and claimed that no-one could veridically leave their sphere of thinking, or exceed their witness thought.6 * Proponents include Giovanni Gentile. 7. Buddhist Idealism is the concept in that all origination is nothing but consciousness, and wherefore there is nothing that lies outside of the mind. 8. Panpsychism holds that that all parts of matter involve mind or that the whole earth is an organism that possesses a mind. Therefore all objects of experience are also subjects. * Proponents include Gottfried Leibniz. 9. Practical Idealism is a political philosophy which holds it to be an ethical imperative to implement ideals of virtue or good. * Proponents include Mahatma Gandhi. realness is the view that entities of a certain type have a reality that is completely ontologically independent of our conceptual schemes, linguistic practices, dogmas, etc. There are umteen different types and degrees of naive realism, incl uding 1. Platonic Realism is the view that ecumenicals exist. A universal is a property of an object, which can exist in more than one place at the same time. * Proponents include founder Plato, who formed a solution to the problem of universals. 2. Moderate Realism is the view that there is no separate realm where universals exist, but that they are located in space and time wherever they happen to be manifest.* Conceptualism, initiated by Peter Abelard, is the doctrine that universals exist only within the mind and have no external or substantial reality. * Modern Conceptualism, as represented by Immanuel Kant, holds that universals have no connection with external things because they are exclusively produced by our a priori mental structures and functions. 7 * Proponents include Aristotle St. Thomas Aquinas, Jacques Maritain and Etienne Gilson. 3. Modal Realism is the view that possible worlds are just as real as the actual world we live in, and not just abstract possibilities.* Propounded by David Lewis. 4. lesson Realism is the meta-ethical view that there are objective moral values which are independent of our perception of them or our stance towards them. Therefore, moral judgments describe moral facts. 7 * Proponents include Plato and Immanuel Kant. There are many others disciplines which are related to Realism, including 1. Transcendental Realism is the theory that implies individuals have a entire understanding of the limitations of their own minds. 2. Organic Realism is the metaphysical philosophy in which subjective forms complement Platos Forms.The theory holds that change in not illusory or purely accidental to the substance, but rather the actually corner perdition of reality or Being. * Propounded by Alfred North Whitehead. Ontology is customs dutyally listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy know as metaphysics, while being the philosophical study of the nature of being, existence, or reality, as well as their relations. Ontolog y deals with questions concerning what entities exist or can be utter to exist, and how these entities can be grouped and subdivided according to similarities and differences.G. W. F. Hegel Wikipedia. com Wikipedia. com Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher as well as a major figure in German Idealism. His historicist and idealist account of reality revolutionized European philosophy and was an important herald to Continental philosophy and Marxism. 19 Without eliminating either pole or decrease one to the other, he developed the concept that mind manifested itself in a set of contradictions and oppositions that it ultimately integrated and united.Hegel attempted to elaborate a all-inclusive and systematic ontology from a logical starting point throughout his produce writings, as well as in his lectures. In 1801 Hegel moved to Jena to amount of money Schelling at the University of Jena, where Fichte had studied previously although at that time, the prime of Je na idealism was over. In this same year, Hegel published his first philosophical work, The Difference between Fichtes and Schellings System of Philosophy. He worked with Schelling closely and together they edited the little Journal of Philosophy.He wanted to develop a system of wisdom in which he displayed in his writings. Phenomenology of Spirit was considered his project and one of his main works where he speaks of his thoughts on the evolution of consciousness from sense perception to absolute knowledge. He also believed that human cognition changes from one genesis to the next as well as the idea that our experiences are what retain us who we are and we make our experiences ours. His thinking can be mum as a constructive development within the general tradition that includes Plato and Kant, as well as Plotinus and Gottfried Leibniz.A common trait that these thinkers helping is that they regard freedom or self-determination both as real and as having important ontological i mplications, for soul or mind or divinity. His concern with Kantian topics such as morality and freedom, including their ontological implications, is omnipresent. He aimed to incorporate it within true up infinity, spirit and ethical heart, rather than precisely reject his dualism of freedom versus nature. He incorporated it in such as way he rendered Kantians dichotomy as intelligible. He saw a relational unity as well as a metaphysical unity between delivery boy and immortal the scram.Jesus is both divine and human, according to Hegel. He notwithstanding attested that God not only died, but that a shock had taken place, that is to say that God maintained himself in the process and the last mentioned is only the death of death. He claimed God rose again to tone and thus things are reversed. 19 Karl Marx Wikipedia. com Wikipedia. com Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, journalist, historian and basal socialist. His ideas had a significant influence in the deve lopment of social lore and the socialist movement.He wrote and published many works but the roughly important of all was the Communist Manifesto. Being born into a laden middle grad family, he studied at the University of Bonn as well as the University of Berlin, where he became interested in the Young Hegelians philosophical ideas. after(prenominal) writing for a couple radical newspapers and being exiled to Brussels, he became a leading figure of the Communist League. Once he pass byed to Cologne, he founded his own newspaper. Even experiencing poverty, he continued writing and formulating his theories about the nature of nine and how he believed that it could be improved.His theories about society, politics and economics are cognise as Marxism and these theories hold that all societies progress through a betrothal between ownership class which controls production and a lower class which produces the labor for goods. His view of history, which came to be called historical materialism, certainly shows the influence of Hegels claim that one should view reality as well as history dialectically. However, Hegel had thought in idealist terms, putting ideas in the forefront, whereas Marx want to rewrite dialectics in materialist terms, arguing for the primacy of matter over idea.Where Hegel saw the spirit as driving history, Marx saw this as an un indispensable mystification, obscuring the reality of public and its physical actions shaping the world. He wrote that Hegelianism stood the movement of reality on its head, and that one needed to set it upon its feet. 21 He believed that only large dental plate change in the economic system could bring about real change he criticized utopian socialists by arguing that their favored teentsy scale socialistic communities would be bound to marginalization and poverty.Engels book, The status of the Working Class in England in 1844, led Marx to conceive the advanced working class as the intimately progressive force for revolution. In opposition to traditional theology, he believed that human beings had created God in their own image and that worshipping God diverted human beings from enjoying their own human powers. He explains that religion is a response to alienation in material feeling and that it cant be removed until human material bread and butter is set free, resulting in the deterioration of religion. Epistemology is branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and limitations of knowledge.It addresses mainly the following questions * What is knowledge? * How is knowledge acquired? * To what extent is it possible for a given subject or entity to be known? 13 Rene Descartes Wikipedia. com Wikipedia. com Dubbed the Father of Modern Philosophy, Rene Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, and writer who worn-out(a) most of his adult life in the Dutch Republic. He is known for having do an important connection between geometry and algebra, thus allowing a solution fo r geometric problems by way of algebraic equations.He is perhaps best known for the philosophical statement Cogito ergo sum, meaning I think, and so I am. From 1604-1612 he attended Jesuit school, where he learned the pattern scholastic, Aristotelian philosophy. In 1619 he embarked on his lifes work of rebuilding the whole universe because he believed everything he had learned was wrong. To do this he used what is known as his method of doubt. He meditated on various possible skeptical scenarios to help him doubt even things that looked possibly true. First he considered that, when asleep and stargaze, everything seemed just as real and true as when he was awake.This led him to think that perhaps he is dreaming at that very moment, in which case he may not be really sitting in a chair but dreaming that he is sitting in a chair. Descartes, to make his doubting even more radical, considered the possibility that God is evil and has the aim of deceiving him as much as possible by placing fictitious sensory inputs directly into his conscious mind. This resulted in his famous statement I think, therefore I am. His argument for the existence of God begins with the belief that I have a concept of God, as perfect and infinite.This concept is clear and distinct therefore an idea must have a cause-even an idea cannot appear from nowhere. A greater object can cause a lesser one but the reverse is impossible. Thus, my idea of God, which is supremely great, can only have been caused by just such a being. Thus God, as I conceive him, must exist. 16 With his belief in the reliability of his senses restored, he was hencece able to acquire common-sense beliefs about material objects. He went on to build an elaborate system of mechanics, a theory of planetary motions, among many others. David Hume Oregon State.edu Oregon State. edu The most important philosopher ever to write in English and one of the most important figures in the history of westerly philosophy and the S cottish Enlightenment was David Hume. He was also well-known in his own time as a philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist. Among the interesting features of Humes empiricist philosophy are a revolutionary view of causality, the problem of induction, and the distinction between fact and value. Hume advocates various forms of moderate or mitigated skepticism. He was a relentless critic of metaphysics and religion.10 Hume was born in Edinburgh on April 26, 1711 and spent his childhood at Ninewells, the familys modest estate near Berwickshire. His family thought he was suited for a career in the law, but he preferred reading classical authors and pursuing the goal of becoming a scholar and philosopher. He followed a rigorous program of reading and demonstration for three years while pursuing this goal. Humes Problem of causing has remained unsolved for two-hundred fifty years and this uncertainty has greatly prejudiced our belief in the possibility of metaphysics and the certai nty of science, and has ultimately led to postmodernism.Hume explains that until we know what exists and the necessary connections between these things that exist, it is impossible for humanity to have certainty of knowledge. This in return leads to the Problem of Induction, for if we do not know the a priori cause of events then we have no principles from which to logically deduce our conclusions. Then we are simply left observing that one event follows another and somehow they seem connected, yet we dont know why or how therefore we must depend upon induction to determine the laws of nature.This problem of induction can be demonstrated using his simple example of dropping a stone such that when I let go of the stone it move to earth. And despite the amount of times this experiment is repeated does this inductively infer that the stone must fall the next time I let it go. He argued that it doesnt, that it is simply a habit of thinking that it does and that it is quite possible tha t at some point in the future the stone will not fall. Hume stated, The supposition that the future resembles the past, is not founded on arguments of any kind, but is derived only if from habit.11 He believed that a priori ideas did not exist and that they are not innate but derived from experience of perceptions. He believed these perceptions could be divided into impressions and ideas. He believed that humans learned through impressions and if there are no impressions then there is no idea. He also believed that every persons perceptions were his alone and different from other peoples. 17 For the argument for the existence of God, Hume began by laying down the principle that we can ascribe capacities to a God only if they are evident in the world.He believed humans have no reason to infer an almighty God from the world because the world is manifestly finite and imperfect and any argument from such is unwarranted. He claimed that the hypothesis of a God is useless that there is n o mulish gain in positing such a being. 1. Oregon State. Section trio Philosophical Perspectives in Education Web. October 16, 2012. 2. Wikipedia. Idealism October 13, 2012. Web. October 16, 2012. 3. Wikipedia. Objective Idealism whitethorn 5, 2012. Web.October 16, 2012. 4. Wikipedia. Transcendental Idealism September 30, 2012. Web. October 16, 2012. 5. Wikipedia. Neo-Platonism October 6, 2012. Web. October 16, 2012. 6. The Basics of Philosophy. Idealism Web. October 16, 2012. 7. The Basics of Philosophy. Realism Web. October 16, 2012. 8. Wikipedia. David Hume October 12, 2012. Web. October 16, 2012. 9. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. David Hume May 15, 2009. Web. October 16, 2012. 10. Oregon State. David Hume Web. October 16, 2012. 11. On Truth & Reality. Meta-physics David Hume Web. October 16, 2012. 12. Wikipedia. Ontology October 29, 2012. Web. October 30, 2012. 13. Wikipedia. Epistemology October 30, 2012. Web. October 30, 2012.

Ancient Greek and Ancient Egyptian Art Compared Essay

Egyptian guile comes from the paintings the Egyptians created in the tombs of rich people when they died. These pictures were supposed to help the dead soulfulness out when he or she reached the next world, where the Egyptians thought you lived after you died in this world. At first, carvers had a hard time painting the pictures but in active 2160 B.C. they st ru turn aroundd taking short cuts and made their work sloppier.Greek art was much different from the Egyptians art. One of their styles of art was sculpting. In Crete, between astir(predicate) 1700 and 1450 BC, the Minoans produced a lot of medium-sized figurines, mainly made of metal and ivory. The Greeks learned how to com manpowerce big stone statues from the Egyptians. At this time legion(predicate) Greek men were working in Egypt as soldiers, and so they had a chance to learn Egyptian statues and learn how they were made. One Egyptian technique is to have a triangle for the face and two upside-down triangles for the hair. This makes the hair help promote the neck, which otherwise might be too thin to hold up the head. A nonher Egyptian idea is to have one foot a little in front of the other, which also helps the statue to stand up and not fall over. One difference is that the Greeks always made their statues nude (without clothes), dapple the Egyptian statues always wore clothes. This is because the Greeks thought that mens bodies were sacred and that the gods want to see them.In the Severe style, sculptors began to make statues much than true to lifetime, and with to a greater extent feeling in their faces and their movements. Instead of all being standing now up and looking sacred and peaceful, now statues began to do things drive a chariot, carry something, throw a spear, or ride a horse. And sometimes they looked sad, or frightened, or nasty, depending on who they were supposed to be. At the same time, sculptors took more interest in making the muscles and bones look true to life to o. The Severe style didnt last very long, and after about thirty years it was replaced by the Classical style. Greek sculptors began to experiment with recognize the gods by showing the beauty and grace of the human body, especially the bodies of young, gymnastic men (womens bodies were still not shown without their clothes).The sculptors also became more provoke in the three-dimensionality of sculpture people being able tosee it from all different sides, and not just from the front. At the end of the cds BC, Greece, and especially Athens, was devastated by a terrible war which knotted nearly all the Greek city-states, the Peloponnesian War. The end of the war left over(p) Greeks too poor for much sculpture, but when people did begin creating newborn sculpture again it was in a new style. There is more emotion, especially sad feelings like grief. There is more interest in women, who are sometimes shown without clothes now. Portraits of individuals also became more popular. As you open fire see, Greek art was different from Egyptian art in many ways and Greeks had many forms of art work unlike the Egyptians.

Greenfield vs Brownfield Sites for Housing Development

Greenfield vs Brownfield Sites for Housing Development A Brownfield grade is kingdom which has been developed previously and is or has been occupied by a permanent structure. It may be in an urban or verdant setting. It does not include agricultural land, forest or parks. Whereas a Greenfield berth is Land which has not been occupied by a permanent structure. It normally applies to land in the countryside alone can be undeveloped land within an urban setting. Both of these sites can be ideal for the reading of new housing but both also have benefits and draw screens to doing so. firstly redeveloping Brownfield sites eases pressure on Greenfield sites and is more sustainable. Although Greenfield sites ar often on the move on of towns and cities and may have better access, have less congestion, be in a more pleasant environment and have more plaza and room to expand. Redeveloping a Brownfield site would ca engagement House prices to increment in inner city areas as lot are e ncouraged back to the area. This is a benefit for people already living there but, this power mean that other people cannot afford the houses, and the council will have to offer for them which may cause problems.Basic Infrastructure already exists in Brownfield sites but in Greenfield sites new drainage, electricity, roads etc. would all have to be produced deeming them more expensive. Although Light industry and Science Parks favour issue of town locations on Greenfield sites opposed to Brownfield sites and crucially so do their workers who are happier to live away from urban areas. New sites are easier to build on as remains of previous land use do not need to be cleared making them more attractive to sell parks, housing developers etc.But using Greenfield sites is not sustainable as there is too much pressure on the rural-urban fringe thus making the development of Brownfield sites a better option. There is an issue of contamination and making sites safe for development, giv en what the land may have been employ for before but towns and cities do not want their areas to decay and redeveloping these areas results in more people coming to the area. This helps local businesses as more people means more customers. Building on Greenfield sites on the other quite a little pulls people out of the towns and cities causing shops etc. aving to re locate on the edge of and towns and cities. In conclusion I feel looking at the benefits and drawbacks of using Brownfield and Greenfield sites for housing redevelopment it would be most beneficial to use Brownfield sites firstly because it is the more sustainable option also the basic fundament already exists as well as there being mankind transport links already in place in many a(prenominal) areas. Also it is would help develop areas which may be suffering and increase house prices within that area, making them more wealthy and hopefully baleful crime rates etc.